路径依赖的作用:家庭联产承包责任制的建立与演进

人地比例、耕作技术、土地产权制度之间的互动循环导致了中国历史时期土地产权制度演进中路径依赖的形成。中国目前人口与资源（土地）之间的紧张关系就是历史时期土地产权制度演进的结果，这一约束条件决定了中国土地产权制度只能是朝着更加周密细致地保证农民土地长期使用权与收益权的方向演进。从公社一级到三级所有、大队为基础，到三级所有、队为基础，再到家庭联产承包责任制的建立，直至承包期限由短期变为长期，由15年变为30年。这一步步的演进都是朝着保证农民土地长期使用权与收益权的方向回归，显现出制度变迁过程中路径依赖的作用。由于历史时期土地产权制度演进的影响，家庭联产承包责任制完善的方向应该是土地国家终级所有的前提下，强化农民现有土地长期使用权，并通过法律手段保证土地使用权的转让。

The Role of Path Dependency: the Establishment and the Progress of Household Responsibility Contract System

The reciprocal driving cycle among the proportion of population to farmland area, farming technique, and land property right led to the path dependency in the progress of the land property right system in different historical periods. The present tense relation in China between its population and resources (esp. farmland) stems just from the rigorous system. This binding term compels the system to progress toward one that will more thoroughly guarantee the farmers' long-term rights of land use and usufruct. All the past changes taking place one after another in the aspect of land ownership system have been for those rights to be guaranteed, presenting the role played by path dependency in the course of the system changing. Under the influence of the system changing, and with the ultimate state ownership of land as the prerequisite, the household responsibility contract system should be improved by consolidating the farmers' long-term rights of land use and usufruct and guaranteeing the assignment of the land use right through legal means.