论港口业务领域的分类规制政策

港口产业是国民经济的战略性基础产业和自然垄断产业改革的重要对象。对港口产业经济特性的传统认识使之长期以政府规制和公共经营为主导发展特征，但这却导致港口服务低效率和高成本。以往研究港口产业经济特性时，一般是从整体的角度来描述其自然垄断性，并认为有必要由政府施加经济规制。但实际上，对港口业务应该做进一步细分，以更准确地认识其经济特性。根据对港口不同业务领域规制需求的分析，在港口产业规制改革的具体过程中应该实行分类规制政策。为保障港口民营化改革的成功实施，基于对港口各业务环节不同经济特性的分类识别，提出了港口规制改革政策的基本模式，即在仍具有自然垄断特征的基础设施环节保持内生规制和引进接入定价规制，在竞争性环节放松或取消规制、实行竞争强化战略，在中间领域引入激励性规制。

The Different Regulation Policies of Specific Port Operations

The port industry is the strategic infrastructure of national economy and the important part of the reform of natural monopoly industry. The traditional views on port industry make it＇s development was accompanied by public operation and strict regulation, but this model created many kinds of government failures which means the high costs and low efficiency of port services. Based on the economic characters such as natural monopoly of port industry, it is easy to think that port should be regulated. But in fact, port operations should be classified to identify the characters accurately. Based on the regulation demand of port operation fields, the different regulation policies should be carried out in the course of regulation reform. Based on the classification of the different part of port sector, this paper raised the basic model of regulation reform to support the implement of port privatization, which is maintain the implicit regulation and introduce access pricing regulation in the natural monopoly link, deregulation and enhance competition in the competitive link, and introduce incentive regulation in the intermediate area.