试论制度创新决定技术创新

创新是一个系统,不是个体行为.在创新系统中,主体与客体是多样的、分层次的.一个国家的创新活动主要体现在两个层面:即自然技术创新与社会技术创新.在创新中,企业是技术创新的主体,政府是制度创新(社会技术创新)的主体.新制度经济学认为,制度创新决定技术创新.著名经济学家吴敬琏在总结原苏联及我国的改革实践后也得出了同样的结论.我国当前面临的结构调整与经济转型的实质就是创新问题.技术创新是有成本的,这种成本不取决于创新成本本身,而主要取决于制度成本与风险.当外部成本与风险过大时,创新收益无法保证,创新主体就会放弃创新,进而选择投机取巧.

Try to Talk about the Decision System Innovation of Technology Innovation

Innovation is a kind of system,not an individual behavior.In the innovation system,the subject and object have various forms and are in hierarchical schemes.A country’s innovation activities are mainly performed in two aspects: natural technological innovation and social technological innovation.In the level of technological innovations,enterprise is the subject of the technological innovations,government if the subject of the institutional Innovation(Social Innovation).The new institutional economics think that,technological innovation depends on institutional innovation.The famous economist Wu Jinglian drew a conclusion based on summarizing the reform of the former Soviet Union and China.The key point of the structural adjustment and economic restructuring facing recently is the problem of innovation.Technological innovation has cost,the cost doesn’t depend on the cost of innovation itself,but depends on the cost and risk of institution.When the external cost and risk are too great,innovation benefits can not be guaranteed,the subject of innovation will give up the innovation and choose to be opportunistic.