建立高校助学贷款风险防范机制的构想

高校贫困生助学贷款政策的正确实施，关系到目前我国高校贫困学生的正常学习、教育公平和社会公平大局。国家助学贷款政策推出已经十年，历经调整变化，但仍然存在一些明显的机制缺陷，本文认为要实现高校贫困生助学贷款的可持续发展，建立高校资助贷款的风险防范机制十分必要。主要从以下五个方面着手：一是构建多元化的资助贷款体系，实现资助贷款主体多元化、资助手段多样化、还贷方式的多样化，使资助贷款更加人性化、科学化；二是建立资助贷款风险的顸警机制，建立“双重”环节的顸警机制，加强各参与方的良性互动；三是建立政策性资助贷款担保体系，通过建立政策性担保机构、建立银行、担保机构与政府共担风险机制；四是完善资助贷款的激励一约束机制，强化风险主体的责任意识；五是完善资助贷款的支持体系。

Study on the Mechanism of Preventing Risks from University- Subsidized Loans

Chinese national student loan policy plays an important part in the nation＇s education policies. It relates to the students who need funds to support their studies, overall situation of education equity and social justice. After ten-year operation and adjustment, the student loan policy still has some obvious defects in the mechanism. It is necessary to establish the risk prevention mechanism for the purpose of achieving sustainable development of student loans policies. Explorations on mechanism of preventing risks are carried out to promote the national student loan policy from the following five aspects： First, build a wide range of subsidized loans system so as to achieve the diversification of funding loans, as well as repayment of diverse ways to make subsidized loans more humanized and scientific. Second is to establish assistance loan risks for early-warning system, and establish dual early-warning systems to strengthen the positive interaction of all participants. Third is to establish policy-funded loan guarantee system in order that the responsibility and risks can be taken on and shared by participants such as banks, guarantee agencies and different levels of governments. Fourth, improve the assistance loan incentive-restraint mechanism, and strengthen the sense of responsibility of risks. Fifth, improve the supporting system of subsidized loans.