我国劳动收入比重偏低的成因分析——基于劳动力市场的视角

近年来我国劳动收入在初次分配中的比重呈下降趋势。劳动收入比重偏低会对收入分配公平、消费投资平衡和经济增长质量产生负面影响。文章基于劳动力市场的视角对我国劳动收入比重偏低的成因进行了理论研究,并采用我国2000-2011年省级面板数据,构建了一个劳动收入比重决定模型,实证检验了经济发展过程中,二元经济转型和劳动力市场分割对我国劳动收入比重变化的影响。研究结果表明,我国劳动收入比重偏低是二元经济转型的特定发展阶段和劳动力市场分割的制约力量协同作用的结果。在二元经济转型过程中,劳动收入比重的变化趋势呈U型规律。我国劳动收入比重偏低的原因在于,劳动力市场城乡分割和劳动力市场行政垄断行业分割延缓了二元经济转型进程,增加了劳动收入比重在下降阶段的停留时间。因此,稳定我国劳动收入比重的关键是削弱劳动力市场分割,加快二元经济转型。

Reasons for the Low Labor Share in China---From the Angle of Labor Market

In recent years, there is a declining trend for the proportion of labor income in the first distribution. The low labor share in China has a negative impact on the fair income distribution, the balance of consumption ＆amp; investment and the quality of economic growth. This paper focuses on the theoretical research about reasons for the low labor share from the perspective of labor market, uses provincial-level data from 2000 to 2011 in China to construct a model for the determinative factors of labor remuneration proportion and examines the effect of dual economy transition and labor market segmentation on the changes of labor income proportions in the course of economic development. According to this research, the low labor share results from a combination of the particular developmental stage of dual economy transition and the restricting power to labor market segmentation. Labor share in China seems to follow a Ushaped curve during the term of dual economy transition. Labor market urban-rural segmentation and administration monopoly industry segmentation retarded the progress of transition of dual economy and postponed the process of labor share in the declining term. So it is the key to take the efficient steps to reduce the labor market segmentation and accelerate the transition of dual economy to stabilize the labor share in China.