制造业能源效率测算与影响因素分析

要素使用结构是效率变动的起始点，以工业为对象的研究不可忽略不同行业间要素配置结构的区别。本文选取不同要素密集度制造业作为研究对象，基于DEA方法测算了1995～2008年中国制造业能源效率，并利用Tobit模型探索不同要素密集型制造业能源效率的影响因素。研究表明，中国制造业能源效率的总体水平较低，并随要素密集度的不同而不同。劳动密集型制造业能源效率最高，技术密集型行业次之，资本密集型行业最低。三大类型制造业能效提高仍有50％以上的空间，“十二五”期间节能降耗的政策导向应由目前的以行政区域为对象分解节能降耗约束指标的治理方式向以行业或企业为约束对象并分解节能指标的治理方式转变。本文通过Tobit模型还发现，进一步促进技术创新、保持适度合理的行业竞争、调整能源消费结构以及扩大企业规模将有利于提高制造业能源效率。

Study on the Energy Efficiency and Its Influence Factors of Manufacturing Industry

The structure of Manufacturing factors is starting point of Efficiency changes. This paper measures the energy efficiency of Manufacturing industry in China based on DEA Model by utilizating panel data of inter-industry sectors from 1995 to 2008. and then empirically analyzes the factors that impact industrial energy efficiency by Tobit model. The results show that the overall energy efficiency in China＇s manufacturing sectors is still very low and there are significant differences across Labour-intensive manufactures,Capital-intensive manufacturing and Technology-intensive industry. Labor-intensive manufacturing have highest energy efficiency and Capital-intensive manufacturing is the lowest. But evenry sector has taken on an increasing trend since 2006. At last, the authors with the Tobit model also find that the technological progress, market competition, energy consumption structure and enterprise scale benefit the improvement of energy efficiency.