产业市场环境特征与企业战略风险

竞争战略理论一直强调产业市场环境对企业竞争绩效不确定性的影响，从产业竞争构成来看，这一环境可分为产业结构、产业演变、产业位势和产业合作关系，四种产业环境特征通过对竞争构成要素的改变进而影响到企业的长期绩效水平。这一产业环境系统构成了企业战略的外部性风险要素。产业结构性风险表现在产业结构的不确定性、竞争构成因素的变化和竞争战略的相对均衡性上。产业在从导入到成长、成熟、衰退的演变过程中，产业结构以其竞争要素产生根本性改变，最终影响到企业竞争的基础和生存的条件，导致投资陷阱和战略的非理性风险。以规模和市场份额为特征的产业住势风险同样表现在对产业市场结构稳定性的影响上，其风险在于能否保持理想市场份额和规模经济性。产业合作在共享利益的同时，存在着价格和数量的背叛以及效率、代价和学习不对称等产业合作风险。

Industrial Market Environment Characteristic and Enterprise Strategy Risk

Theory of competitive strategy has always stressed the impact of industry market environment for ＇enterprise competitive performance uncertainties. From the industry competition constitutes, this environment can be divided into the industrial structure, industry evolution, industry potential and industrial partnerships. Four kinds of industry environmental characteristics affected the level of the enterprise long-term performance through changes in the constituent elements of competition. The industrial constitutive risk displays in the industrial structure uncertainty, the change of competition constitution factor and in the competition strategy relative equalization. From industry inducts to the growth, maturelyand decline, the industrial structure and competition essential factor has the fundamental change, finally affecting the enterprise competition foundation and the survival condition, and causeing the investment trap and the strategic non-rational risk.Industrial potential risk for the scale and the market share displays similarly in the industry market mechanism stable influence,whether does its risk lie in maintains the ideal market share and the scale efficiency. The industrial cooperation in the moment of sharing benefit, has industrial cooperation risks in the price and quantity betrayal as well as efficiency, price and study not symmetry.