产业转移、全球价值链与产业升级研究

全球价值链理论阐释了产业发展的全球布局特征与价值分配规则,产业升级则表现为该产业在全球价值链中顺着价值阶梯逐步提升的过程。全球范围内的产业转移为后进国家的产业升级提供了机会。本文从全球价值链视角研究产业升级问题,其前提是依托产业转移,在正确评估产业自身发展阶段与技术水平的基础上,寻找适当的机会嵌入全球价值链（低端嵌入、中端嵌入与高端嵌入）。产业升级的路径则是沿着全球价值链向两端高附加值环节延伸,延伸的方向必须结合产业特征,根据价值链动力机制（生产者驱动、购买者驱动与混合型驱动）来确定。以电子信息产业为例,产业升级过程中,必须细分该产业部门的技术特征、企业特点与地区差异。即使是同一产业部门,不同地区、不同企业,在发展方向与战略上将会截然不同,进而升级的方向也不同。作为政府部门在制定相关产业政策时,必须注意到这一点。

Industry Transfer、Global Value Chain and Industrial Upgrading

The global value chain theory explains the global layout features and the value distribution rule of industrial development,industrial upgrading means the process that industry rising along the value ladder gradually in the global value chain. Global industrial transfer provides opportunities to industrial upgrading of developing countries. This article researches industrial upgrading from the perspective of global value chain,point out that the premise of industrial upgrading is according to industry development stage and technology level embed global value chain at the right opportunity based on industrial transfer（low-end embed,medium-end embed,high-end embed）. Industrial upgrading paths is extended to high added value link along with global value chain,the direction of extension must combine the industrial characteristics and dynamic of value chain （producer-driven,buyer-driven,mixed-driven）. In the process of electronic information industry upgrading,for example,must subdivide the technical features,enterprise characteristics and regional differences. Even the same industry departments,different regions and different enterprises have different development direction and strategy,then the upgrading direction is different also. The government must pay attention to this when formulate industrial policy.