长江三角洲生态稻作模式及其效应的比较分析

农业生产对长江三角洲农业环境的影响,一直是社会广泛关注的焦点。水稻种植是长江三角洲农业生产的主要方式。以江苏省为例,在田间试验、农户调查和文献收集的基础上,分析了该省主要生态稻作模式的技术特征及其环境和经济效应。调查和分析结果显示:(1)江苏省生态稻作主要有稻鸭共作型(丹阳)、环境友好型(吴江)和沼气复合型(淮阴)三种典型模式;(2)这三种稻作模式在土壤肥力、生态环境和经济效益上存在一定的差异,但均显著高于当地常规的集约化稻作模式。为了进一步促进该区生态稻作模式的发展,以有效的方式减轻长江三角洲地区的农业环境问题,文章就配套政策方面提出了一些建设性建议。

Main Patterns of Ecological Rice Cropping System and Their Effects in Yangtze Delta Plain

Increasing attentions have been paid to the potential impacts of agricultural production on the surrounding agricultural environment in Yangtze Delta Plain.Rice cropping is the most important agricultural production there.Taking Jiangsu province,a major province in this area,as an example,this paper applies field experiments,farm household survey,and second data collection to analyze the main rice ecological cropping systems and their environmental and economic effects.Results show that:(1) there exists 3 typical patterns of rice ecological cropping systems,namely the rice-duck integrated system in Danyang City,the environmental friendly rice cropping system in Wujiang City and the biogas-rice integrated system in Huaiyin County;(2) the soil fertility,eco-environmental benefit and economic revenue of these ecological rice cropping systems are higher than those in the conventional rice cropping systems.In order to promote the development of ecological rice cropping systems,cost-effectively conserve the agricultural environment in Yangtze Delta Plain,some policy suggestions are proposed in this paper.