企业集群的生态学研究

当前企业集群产生的巨大经济效益吸引人们对其的研究方兴未艾。本文介绍了企业集群的生态学研究进展，比较了企业集群行为与生物群聚行为的相似性，如聚集、竞争与合作并存、互惠互利，分析了企业集群的优势，如通过分工获得比较优势、降低交易费用、产生市场的集聚效应、相互学习的协同效应。比较了企业集群与生物群落的相似性，得出企业集群是由企业构成的比生物群落更加复杂的生态系统的结论，为生态学理论在企业集群研究上的应用提供了依据。

The Ecological Study on Industrial Cluster

The great economic benefit of current industrial cluster attracts more and more research on it. This text introduced the research progress uses ecological method on industrial cluster, contrasted the similarity of industrial cluster behavior with the cluster behavior of the organism, such as cluster, keep competition and cooperation both, mutual benefit, analyzed the advantages of industrial cluster, such as acquiring the comparing advantage through dividing the work, lower the bargain expenses, creating market cluster effect and cooperate effect of study mutually, Contrasted the similarity of industrial cluster with the community, Deduced the industrial cluster constituted by business enterprise is more complicated ecosystem than ecosystem, provided the basis for the application of ecology theories on the study of industrial cluster.