污染产业转移视角下FDI环境外部性的跨界效应

通过FDI方式的污染产业转移会产生环境负外部性,在空间上存在跨界效应.这体现在承接污染产业会直接带来环境污染,从而引起居民福利的大量损失,而且还会因为自然因素导致跨界污染.目前,FDI的环境影响主要集中在东部地区,但有向中西部地区转移的趋势.许多地方政府为吸引FDI而进行的环境竞争,对这种跨界效应会起到相当的放大作用.因而需要采取调整政府人员业绩考核机制、鼓励地方政府增加环境投资、中西部地区按照全国主体功能区划要求制定分类的FDI环境管理政策、实行跨区域联合治理等措施,尽可能减少甚至消除FDI环境外部性的跨界效应.

Polluting Industries to Transfer Cross-boundary Effects of Environmental Externalities in the Perspective of FDI

Through the way of FDI transfer will be polluting industries produce environmental externality,the existence of cross-border effects in space.This reflected in continues pollution industry will directly bring environmental pollution,causing significant loss of resident’s welfare,but also because of natural factors lead to cross-border pollution.At present,the environmental impacts of the FDI mainly concentrated in the eastern region,but have the trend of the central and western regions.Through environmental competition many local governments attract FDI,to this kind of cross-border effect can have quite amplifying function.Therefore they need to adjust the government performance evaluation mechanism,encourage local governments to increase the investment environment,the central and western regions to develop the classification of FDI policies for environmental management in accordance with the main body function requirements,a cross-regional joint control measures so as to reduce or even eliminate FDI environmental externality cross-boundary effect.