创业压力与退出意愿——创业激情的中介作用与社会支持的调节效应

本文以资源保存理论为基础,将中国科技创业园区中的创业者作为研究对象,探讨遭遇挫折的创业者所面临的创业压力对创业退出意愿的影响机制,重点分析创业激情的中介作用与社会支持的调节效应,形成有调节的中介作用模型。研究发现:创业压力是促使创业者产生创业退出意愿的重要前因变量;创业激情负向中介创业压力对创业退出意愿的正向作用,即创业压力抑制了创业激情,而受到抑制的创业激情则强化了创业退出意愿;社会支持弱化了创业压力对创业退出意愿的正向影响,同时也缓解了创业压力对创业激情的负向影响,进而对创业激情的中介效应产生调节作用,并且在不同强度的社会支持下,创业激情的条件中介效应之间存在显著差异。研究结论弥补了创业退出研究的理论文献,对促进创业者在“双创”环境下的成功创业具有重要启示意义。

Entrepreneurial Stress and Exit Intention:The Mediating Effect of Entrepreneurial Passion and the Moderating Effect of Social Support

During the current period of China s economic restructuring,entrepreneurship has been given more mission and content.The whole society is often more concerned about how entrepreneurs to achieve entrepreneurial success?Insufficient attention has been paid to entrepreneurial stress caused by high-risk and high-uncertainty entrepreneurial activities,and the following problems of entrepreneurs exit.Domestic and foreign academia provide many interesting insights around entrepreneurial exit issues.But,it has not been fully revealed that how entrepreneurial stress confronted by entrepreneurs who encounter setbacks affects entrepreneurial exit intention,what mediating mechanism is used to transmit the impact,and whether the mediating mechanism presents different rules of action in different entrepreneurial situations.Based on the conservation of resources theory,taking entrepreneurs in China s science and technology parks as the research subject,the overall higher-order construct of entrepreneurial stress is taken as antecedent variable.Entrepreneurial passion and social support are introduced as mediating and moderating variables respectively to construct a moderated mediation model.And,the theoretical model is empirically tested with the sample data of 963 entrepreneurs of new ventures.It is found that:(1)The increase of entrepreneurial stress leads to the increase of entrepreneurial exit intention.(2)Entrepreneurial passion plays a negative mediating role in the positive effect of entrepreneurial stress on entrepreneurial exit intention.The entrepreneurial stress inhibits the entrepreneurial passion,while the inhibited entrepreneurial passion strengthens the entrepreneurial exit intention.(3)Social support weakens the positive impact of entrepreneurial stress on entrepreneurial exit intention,and also alleviates the negative impact of entrepreneurial stress on entrepreneurial passion.Moreover,there are significant differences in the mediating effect of entrepreneurial passion under the moderation of different social support intensity.The marginal theoretical contributions mainly include:(1)The paper constructs and empirically tests the theoretical model of entrepreneurial exit,and deeply reveals the occurrence mechanism of entrepreneurial stress on entrepreneurial exit intention,which exactly makes up for the deficiency of existing research on entrepreneurial exit theory.(2)The overall higher-order construct of entrepreneurial stress is taken as the antecent variable of entrepreneurial exit intention,which increases the explanatory power and saturation of entrepreneurial exit theoretical model.(3)The paper finds the moderating mechanism which entrepreneurial stress acts on entrepreneurial exit intention,namely entrepreneurial passion,which is not only similar to the role of emotional burnout in the process of entrepreneurial exit,but also deepens the internal logic of entrepreneurial exit theory.(4)The paper empirically tests the moderating effect of social support on entrepreneurial exit,profoundly reveals the transmission mechanism and boundary conditions of entrepreneurial stress on entrepreneurial exit intention,and provides a more comprehensive perspective for accurately understanding the relationship between entrepreneurial stress and entrepreneurial exit intention.The paper has important practical enlightenment for successful entrepreneurship in the context of“entrepreneurship and innovation”:(1)Face up to the intention and behavior of entrepreneurial exit,establish the exit mechanism of entrepreneurs to relieve the worries of entrepreneurs.(2)Improve the stress tolerance and management ability of entrepreneurs to alleviate the entrepreneurial stress.(3)Care for the entrepreneurial passion of entrepreneurs to maintain the driving force of entrepreneurship.(4)Enhance the social support of entrepreneurs to inhibit the negative effects of entrepreneurial stress.