日本农业领域生物技术的研究开发与应用

进入新世纪，日本将生物技术产业纳入国家经济发展的最重要产业之一，政府和民间通过各种方式全力推进其技术研发和成果产业化进程。 在农业领域，日本虽然在基因育种等个别领域起步较晚，但凭借其在尖端技术研发和资金投入等方面的实力，农业生物技术的研发水平在短期内迅速提高，综合研发能力和许多单项技术水平已处于世界前列。基因组研究和转基因技术开发不断取得突破性进展，功能食品开发成果显著，胚胎移植和克隆技术已实际应用，利用不同生物手段育成大量的动植物新品种。许多研发成果已成功转化并实现产业化，生物技术在日本的现代化农业中起愈加重要的作用。 本文概述了目前日本农业生物技术的发展战略和政策措施，以及种植、畜产、水产等六大领域生物技术的研发现状和最新进展，并对农业生物技术主要研发机构的情况作了简要介绍。

Research and Development in Agri-biotechnology and Its Application in Japan

Japan places biotechnology as top century. Both government and private companies biotechnology. In the area of agriculture, Japan priority on the agenda of economic development in the 21st are going all out to promote the R＆D and application of rose rapidly with strong financial input and technological background although it started late in gene breeding. Now Japan is leading the world in some aspects of agribiotechnology with the breakthrough of genome and GM technology. Many function foods have been developed, embryo transplant and cloning are applied and new animal or plant breeds are bio-developed. Agrihiotechnology is playing more and more important role in Japan＇ s modern agriculture with the commercialization of biotech. This essay reports the strategy and policies on agri-biotechnology in Japan, introduces the latest development of biotechnology in the area of animal, plant and aquatics and provides a profile of main institutes involved in the agri-biotechnology R＆D.