日本吸引海外人才的政策与措施

近年来，为了应对国际人才争夺日益激烈的形势，日本官、产、学、研紧密合作，大力实施国际化人才战略，积极吸引国外科技人才，使得日本成为继美国之后全球最大的人力资源消费国和受益国。与美国依靠留学生、移民和工作签证三大法宝在激烈的国际人才竞争中制胜相比，日本政府积极研究和借鉴发达国家吸引人才的政策举措，积极吸引外脑，以大学国际化为重点加强环境建设，官产学联手充实留学生政策，鼓励优秀留学生在日就业等措施，力争聚集全球优秀人才。从高龄少子化、人口减少的国情出发，大力扩大留学生数量、有效放宽工作签证限制以及借助跨国公司在新兴国家大量吸收优质廉价科技人才将是日本吸引国际人才的长期方针。日本新一轮的吸引海外留学生及留住优秀留学生的政策能否收到预期成效，如何采取进一步的吸引人才措施，以及日本企业强化争夺国际人才的战略部署，都值得关注。

Research on the Japanese Policies and Measures to Attract Foreign Talents

In recent years, in order to deal with the intense situation of the competition for international talents, the Japanese Government, Industries, Universities and Research Institutes have collaborated closely to implement the international talents strategy, and introduced the overseas scientists and technicians with great ef- forts, which made Japan become the world＇ s second biggest country behind the US of consuming human re- sources and obtaining substantial benefits. Comparing with the US＇ s advantages in the intense international competition for talents depending upon the three major measures of foreign students, immigrants and granting the work visa, the Japanese government has been studying and introducing such kind of policies of the developed countries, absorbing foreign talents positively. It has strengthened the environmental construction by emphasizing the internationalization of universities, improved the preferential policy for foreign students, encouraged the outstanding foreign students to work in Japan, with the corporation of the Government, Industries, Universities and Research Institutes, in order to obtain the outstanding talents of the whole world. Considering the situation of declining birth rates and aging population, it will be the Japanese long-term policy of attracting international talents by means of introducing more foreign students, loosening the work visa limits, and absorbing the high quality and inexpensive scientists and technicians in the newly-emerging countries through Japanese transnational enterprises. Whether the Japanese new round policies of attracting and obtaining outstanding foreign students can achieve expected results？ How to take further measures to attract talents？ And what kind of strategic deployment the Japanese enterprises will put in practice to enhance their capabilities of competing for the international talents？ All the problems mentioned above are worthy of paying great attention to.