中国国有企业改革：经验、困境与出路*

作为国有企业产权改革主要模式，“混合所有制”改革是否有助于确保国有资产保值增值，是否有助于推动中国经济可持续发展等问题仍存在探讨空间。本文基于对于改革开放以来中国国有企业改革的成就和教训的考察，指出“混合所有制”可以作为竞争性部门国有企业改革的一个过渡形式；对于垄断央企的改革应该充分借鉴国际上自然垄断行业的改革经验，打破行政垄断，推动竞争性框架建立，并切实实现从“管企业”逐步调整为“管资本”，通过改革实现国有资产的保值增值，并为经济创造新的增长点。

STATE OWNED ENTERPRISES REFORM IN CHINA:EXPERIENCE,PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS

Mixed ownership reform is regarded as a dominant approach for Chinas SOE Reform However, there are still a serious question about whether mixed ownership reform can help to increase the value of state owned asset and whether it can help to promote Chinas sustainable growthBased on an analysis of SOE reform experience over the past 30 years, this paper argues that the mixed ownership reform can be only viewed as intermediate step for the reform of local SOEsFor central SOEs with natural monopolies, China should also draw lessons from the international experiences of regulatory revolutions and begin to set up a competitive market structure in these sectors to provide opportunities for private firms and to consolidate Chinas banking and social security system