中国城乡居民收入差距主要影响因素及其贡献率研究 ——基于全国31个省份6 937份家庭户问卷调查数据分析

本文基于全国31个省份6 937份家庭问卷调查数据，对我国城乡居民收入差距现状进行了统计测算，运用Mincer收入模型及Oaxaca Ransom分解法对我国城乡收入差距的主要影响因素及其贡献率进行实证分析。研究结果表明：我国城乡居民收入差距较大，基尼系数已超过警戒线；户主个人与家庭基本特征、人力资本、地区差异与城乡差异对居民家庭收入有显著影响；户主文化程度差异对城乡居民收入差距的贡献率最大，城乡二元结构差异、户主个人及家庭基本特征差异对城乡居民收入差距的贡献率较大，而地区差异对城乡居民收入差距的贡献率最小。在此基础上从四个方面提出了缩小城乡居民收入差距的政策建议。

STUDY ON MAIN INFLUENCING FACTORS AND CONTRIBUTION RATE OF INCOME GAP BETWEEN URBAN AND RURAL RESIDENTS OF CHINA——Based on the Data Analysis of 6 937 Residents Questionnaires from 31 Provinces

Based on 6 937 residents' questionnaires from 31 provinces, this paper applied Mincer income model and Oaxaca-Ransom decomposition method to analyze empirically the main influencing factors of urban rural income gap in China. The results showed that the income gap between urban and rural residents of China was large, and Gini coefficient had exceeded the warning line. The personal and family characteristics of household, human capital, regional differences and differences between urban and rural areas had significant impacts on the household income. For the urban-rural income gap, the contribution rate of education level differences was the largest one, the contribution rates of urban-rural dual structure differences and the basic personal and family characteristics differences were larger, and the contribution rate of regional differences was in minimum. Some policy recommendations to narrow the urban-rural income gap were provided in this paper.