要素结构与技术进步方向——来自中国城市“撤县设区”的证据

本文基于1997—2010年267个地级及以上城市市辖区面板数据，运用标准化供给面系统方法测算了市级层面的技术进步方向，并借助“撤县设区”这一自然实验，利用工具变量法实证检验了要素结构变动对技术进步方向的影响，研究发现：（1)“撤县设区”使得资本—劳动比上升，进而导致技术进步方向偏向于资本，符合偏向型技术进步的“弱诱导偏向型假说”；（2)“撤县设区”对资本偏向型技术进步的影响是有条件的，主要限于资本—劳动替代弹性大于1即资本—劳动呈替代关系的地区；（3)相比于中西部地区，东部地区资本要素更为丰富，因而“撤县设区”显著提高了东部地区的资本—劳动比，使其技术进步方向偏向资本。

FACTORS STRUCTURE AND DIRECTED TECHNICAL CHANGE——Evidence from the “City County Merger” of Chinese Cities

Based on the panel data of 267 prefecture level cities from 1997 to 2010, this paper uses the normalized supply side system approach to measure the technical progress direction at the municipal levelBy the natural experiment of “City County Merger”, we investigate the effect of factors structure change on the direction of technical change with the instrument methodThe study shows as follows: “City County Merger” makes the capital labor ratio rise and induces to the capital biased technical change, which is in line with the “weak induced bias hypothesis”.The effect of the “City County Merger” on the technical progress of capital bias is conditionally limited to the area where capital labor substitution elasticity is greater than 1 that means that capital labor is substituted mutuallyCompared to the central and western regions, “City County Merger” significantly increases the capital labor ratio in the eastern region due to more abundant capital, which makes the direction of technical change biased towards capital