多种要素扭曲是否推动了中国企业出口

本文使用1999-2007年工业企业数据样本分析了包括资本、劳动及中间品在内的要素市场相对扭曲程度，并考察其是否能解释中国企业出口的独特成本优势。结论认为：中国制造业企业存在严重要素价格扭曲，不同要素的价格扭曲程度差异化较大。劳动力价格扭曲现象普遍存在，经济发展以牺牲劳动力价格市场化为代价。国有企业比重较大的行业资本价格相对较低，而私营企业比重较大的行业则资金成本较高。能源、原材料相关行业以及外资企业比重较大的行业中间品价格偏低；经过实证检验，要素市场扭曲的确对企业出口倾向起到推动作用，企业将获得的成本优势转化为出口优势，这表明低廉的要素价格是中国产品在国际市场中具有竞争力的重要原因。

THE EXPORT OF CHINESE FIRMS AND MULTI-FACTOR DISTORTIONS

This paper estimated the relative distortions of the factors,including the capital,labor and intermediate inputs market,based on the firm-level data from 1999 to 2007 and examined whether these distortions could be the reason of the unique cost advantage of Chinese firms export. The empirical results showed there existed serious factor price distortions of Chinese manufacturing firms and the different factors had different extent of price distortions. Labor price distortion widely existed,where economy developed at the expense of labor marketization. The state-owned firms had lower capital price while the private firms had relative higher capital price. The related industries of energy firm,raw materials firm and foreign enterprises had low intermediate inputs prices. Factor market distortions played a role in promoting firms export orientation and enterprises would transfer a cost advantage to an export advantage. This conclusion suggested that the low factor price of the Chinese products was the reason of competitiveness in the international market.