环境规制下全要素生产率逆转拐点的空间效应*——基于省际工业面板数据的验证

工业是污染排放和能源消耗的主体，环境全要素生产率受环境规制影响，进而对工业的可持续增长有一定制约。本文采用2001—2012年中国各省份（西藏除外）工业行业的面板数据，基于Malmquist Luenberger生产率指数，在考虑环境污染的情况下测算了我国各地区工业行业的环境全要素生产率，避免了全要素生产率高估的问题；并构建空间计量模型，考虑空间相关性和异质性的影响，在控制了资本劳动投入比、地区经济发展水平、企业规模、所有制结构、外资结构等变量因素影响的基础上，实证检验了环境规制与全要素生产率的关系。实证结果表明：东部、中部和西部三大区域环境规制的强度和工业行业的环境全要素生产率之间呈现“U”型关系。随着环境规制强度不断增强，全要素生产率先降后升，而且东部地区要早于中部、西部地区达到拐点。在达到拐点以后，东部地区的全要素生产率对环境规制变动的反应要强于中、西部地区，东部地区的边际全要素生产率更高。

SPATIAL EFFECTS OF TFPS REVERSE TURNING POINT UNDER ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION——Based on Provincial Industrial Panel Data Verification

Industry is the main sector of pollutant emission and energy consumption Environmental regulation affects environmental total factor productivity and industrial sustainable development further Based on Malmquist Luenberger productivity index, this paper measured industrial total factor productivity of every province using panel data of provincial industry in China (except Tibet) from 2001 to 2012We took environmental pollution into consideration which avoided over estimating total factor productivity The spatial econometric model was constructed in this paper and effects of spatial correlation and spatial heterogeneity were considered There were some controlled variables, such as the proportion of capital and labor, regional economy development, enterprise scale, pattern of ownership, structure of foreign investment Then we tested the relationship between environmental regulation and total factor productivity empirically The empirical results showed that the relationship of environmental regulation intensity and TFP of industry presented as “U shaped” curve in eastern, western and middle China, which meant total factor productivity descended first and then rose with the enhancement of environmental regulation intensity and eastern region arrived at the turning point earlier than middle and western regions On the right of the turning point, the reaction of total factor productivity caused by environmental regulation change in eastern region is faster than in middle and western regions, marginal total factor productivity is higher in eastern region.