马克思企业理论和新制度经济学企业理论的比较

本文从企业的产生、企业的边界、企业的内部控制,以及分配三个方面对马克思主义经济学和新制度经济学的企业理论进行比较。马克思主义经济学用历史唯物主义方法将企业看作资本主义经济运行过程中的一个环节,揭示了企业产生和发展的原因,并精辟地分析了隐藏在物的背后的两大阶级之间的矛盾对立关系;新制度经济学采用逻辑实证的方法对企业进行分析,认为交易费用是决定企业产生及规模变化的重要因素,企业内部的控制和分配关系是由效率来决定的——这种将所有生产要素都看作是客观资源的分析方法,掩盖了利益分配的实质,从而忽视了人的主体性因素。

The comparison of Marxist enterprise theory and new institutional economics enterprise theory

This article compares the enterprise theories of Marxist economics and new institutional economics from three aspects,enterprise formation,its border,inner control and distribution.By employing historical materialism method,Marxist economics takes enterprise as a link in the operation of capitalist economy,reveals the cause of enterprise formation and development,and analyzes the concealed contradictory relationship of two classes.By employing logical empirical method,new institutional economics makes analysis of enterprise,holding that transaction costs are key factor to determine enterprise formation and size changes,and that enterprise inner control and distribution relationship are determined by efficiency.Such a view considers all productive factors as objective resources,conceals the core of interest distribution,and neglects human beings as the subjects in the production.