地区间竞争、财政自给率和公有制企业民营化

相关文献认为 ,分权化改革导致的地区间竞争加剧引发了各地区的国有企业民营化进程。本文试图通过实证分析验证这一结论。本文的实证分析表明 ,地区间竞争加剧的确会推动相关地区国有经济民营化进程。但是由于 1 994年以来 ,地区间市场一体化水平基本没有提高 ,从而地区间竞争并没有明显加剧 ,因此 ,2 0世纪 90年代以来普遍展开的公有制企业改制进程主要不是由地区间竞争推动的。地方政府积极推动公有制企业民营化的主要动因来自于财政方面 ,来自于 1 994年分税制改革给地方政府造成的财政压力和预算约束硬化 ,来自于非国有经济发展、非国有经济比重提高对改善地方财政状况的显著作用。本文的实证分析表明 ,非国有经济比重的提高明显有助于提高地方财政自给率。

The Effects of Interregional Competition and Fiscal Incentives on Privatization in China

According to some papers, the interregional competition induced by regional decentralization during China's reform promotes privatization in China. This paper investigates empirically the argument. We find that interregional competition has significant positive effects on privatization. However, interregional competition is not the principal cause of privatization in China, since the overall degree of interregional competition hadn't changed on the whole from 1994 to 2002.The principal cause of privatization in China is the fiscal incentives of local governments. We find strong positive correlations between the share of non-state-owned enterprises and the degree of fiscal self-financing of local governments. It implies that faster development of non-state-owned enterprises could improve the fiscal conditions of local governments.