中国农村经济制度变迁与农业增长——对1978—2004年中国农业增长的实证分析

本文对1978—2004年中国农业增长进行了理论与经验两方面的分析。分析的结果是,在农业生产中实施的不同土地制度对从事农业生产的人们形成不同的激励,而在农业生产和经营中推行的价格、财税制度变革又以形成的利益空间影响从事农业生产和经营的人们的积极性,因此,制度变迁是中国改革开放后农业增长的决定性因素。文章借助计量和统计方法,对1978—2004年不同阶段内农村土地制度和价格、财税制度变化影响农业增长的情况进行了检验,用以说明制度变迁的突出贡献。由此可以建议,应该把农村经济制度创新作为实现农业持续增长的主要思路。

Change of Rural Institution and Agricultural Economic Growth:An Empirical Analysis on Agricultural Economic Growth in China(1978—2004)

This paper analyzes the process of agricultural economic growth from 1978 to 2004. The finding of our research indicates that the different institutions of land create different incentive to the persons who engage in the agriculture. At the same time, the change of benefit space is caused by the movement of price and finical impacts on the activity of farmers. Hence, the change of institution plays an important role in the agricultural economic growth after China's reform and opening. This paper examines the change of land institution, price system and the finical and taxation institution, which impact on the agricultural economic growth, in different phases from 1978 to 2004 in the econometric and statistic methods. The survey shows that the change of institution has greatly contributed to the development of agriculture. According to our research, we should take the innovation of rural institution as the main way which to realize the agricultural economic growth.