地方保护主义及产业地区集中度的决定因素和变动趋势

本文研究我国产业的地区集中度的决定因素及变动趋势 ,也就是探讨为什么某些产业集中在部分地区、而其他产业则比较平均地分布在各个地区 ,同时考察我国制造业的地区集中度是呈上升或下降趋势。在考虑产业的地区集中度的决定因素时 ,重点考察了地方保护主义的作用。我们关于产业地区集中度变动趋势的研究发现推翻了AlwynYoung的著名文章的结论。运用对数据集的动态估计方法 ,我们发现在利税率较高以及国有化程度较高的产业 ,地方保护更趋严重 ,产业的地区集中度也相应较低。除了地方保护之外 ,我们也考虑了规模经济以及产业群聚效应对集中度的影响。

Local Protectionism and Industrial Concentration in China: Overall Trend and Important Factors

The paper studies the overall time trend of geographic concentration of China's industries and the factors important to its changes. We attempt to address the following questions: Why are some industries concentrated in a few locations while others scattered across many provinces? How has the overall degree of industrial concentration changed during the economic reform? While investigating factors influencing industrial localization, we pay special attention to the role of local protectionism. On the overall time trend of China's industrial concentration, our finding is in sharp contrast with that of Always Young in his widely-know paper. Using dynamic penal analysis, we find that industries with higher tax-plus-profit ratio in the past and those with higher share of state owned enterprises tend to have higher degree of local protectionism, and therefore lower level of industrial concentration. In addition to local protectionism, we also examine the impact of scale economies and external economies on industrial concentration.