贸易自由化、有偏的学习效应与发展中国家的工资差异

本文构建了一个模型来研究贸易自由化对熟练劳动力与非熟练劳动力工资差异的影响,从而解释发展中国家工资差异之谜。在贸易自由化之后,发展中国家接触和学习到相对多的与熟练劳动力匹配的技术知识,因此,和生产与非熟练劳动力匹配的技术知识相比,生产与熟练劳动力匹配的技术知识的生产力水平上升相对较多。也就是说,学习效应是有偏的。因为技术知识的生产是熟练劳动力密集型的,所以学习效应会导致对熟练劳动力需求的增加,扩大工资差异。同时,有偏的学习效应会使技术进步更偏向于技能密集型,从而进一步导致对熟练劳动力需求的增加,扩大工资差异。

Trade Liberalization,Biased Learning Effect and Wage Inequality in Developing Countries

In this paper,a model is developed to study the impact of trade liberalization on the wage inequality,so as to explain the puzzle of skill premium in developing countries.Developing countries come into contact with relatively more skill-biased technology knowledge,hence,the productivity of skill-complementary technology production increases relatively faster than the one of unskill-complementary technology production.That is,learning effect is biased.Because technology knowledge production is skill-intensive,the learning effect increases the demand for skilled labor and the wage inequality.Moreover the biased learning effect leads to more skill-biased technology change,therefore,in favor of skilled labor and raising skill premium.