产权特性与产业定位——关于国有企业的另一个分析框架

以往对国有经济的研究 ,都是以统一的产权结构作为假设前提的 ,但事实上社会经济中存在着两种不同的产权结构 ,一种是公有产权结构 ,一种是私有产权结构 ,这两种不同的产权结构分别有着与之相对应的产业定位。一般说来 ,竞争性、盈利性产业宜采用私有产权结构 ,而非 (弱 )竞争性、非 (弱 )盈利性产业宜采用公有产权结构。基于此 ,笔者认为 ,我国的国有企业作为公有制企业 ,采用的是公有产权结构 ,它面临的主要问题并不是产权不明晰 ,而是产权结构与产业结构错位 ,即把大量应采用私有产权结构的竞争性、盈利性产业放置到了公有产权的舞台。因此 ,国有企业改革的核心问题就是实现产业定位与产权结构相吻合。

The Characteristics of Property Right and Industrial Orientation

The scholars have assumed that there is an uniform property right structure in their former studies.However,in fact,there are two different kinds of property right structures in social economy.One is public property right,and the other is private property right.They apply to different industries.Generally speaking,the private property right structure applies to those competitive and profit industries,and the public property right structure applies to those non-competitive and non-profit industries.Therefore,in this article,the author holds that the Chinese state-owned enterprises are mainly faced with both some disorder property right structures and some disorder industry structures rather than unclear property right.In other words,the author believes that those competitive and profit industries,to which property right should have adapted inappropriately taken the structures of public property right.So,the key problem facing the Chinese state-owned enterprise reform is that the industry orientation has to be kept identical with property right structures.