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利率市场化与商业银行风险控制
引用本文:黄金老.利率市场化与商业银行风险控制[J].经济研究,2001(1).
作者姓名:黄金老
作者单位:中国银行国际金融研究所!100031
摘    要:经济生活中市场成分的扩大使得利率市场化非常迫切 ,目前我国正按“五先五后”的模式分阶段实施。利率市场化给了商业银行资金定价自主权 ,也使一种主要的市场风险———利率风险产生了。本文根据风险持续时间将利率市场化的风险分为阶段性风险和恒久性风险。阶段性风险是指在利率放开管制的初期 ,商业银行不能适应市场化利率环境所产生的金融风险 ,具有系统性和阶段性。恒久性风险即通常所指的利率风险 ,具有长期性和非系统性。利率风险的控制与管理既要求商业银行的组织建设 (ALCO)、风险识别技术和表内结构调整以及表外保值安排 ,也需要金融监管部门的弹性调控、标准化调整、透明性决策和市场激励政策的配合。

关 键 词:利率市场化  商业银行  利率风险管理

Market-oriented Interest Rate and Risk Control of Commercial Banks
Abstract:The broadening of market share in economic operation forces the interest rate to be market-oriented. Now, China is putting in action the market-oriented interest rate gradually by the mode of “Five first, Five second”. After interest-rate was market-oriented, the commercial bank acquired the right of fund-pricing independently.But the market-oriented interest-rate brings a new kind of market risk—interest rate risk to commercial bank, too. According to the duration, this paper classifies the risk of market-oriented interest-rate as two sorts, one is the transitional risk, another is the everlasting risk. The transitional risk means that, commercial bank can't adapt to the background of the market-oriented interest-rate at the initial stage, because the process is transitional and systematic. The everlasting risk, namely, interest-rate risk, is long and non-systematic.The control of risk, needs both organization building, technique of risk recognizability, adjustment of balance sheet structure, off-balance hedge of commercial bank and elasticity control, norm-based adjustment, transparency in decision-making,market stimulus by the central bank.
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