Optimal Design of Pension Rule with Flexible Retirement: The Two-Type Case

We study a model where the government offers two contracts: either low retirement age, low lifetime benefit or high retirement age, high lifetime benefit. Each worker privately knows whether he has a low or high life expectancy and chooses accordingly. The so-called ``actuarially fair' system – calculated at an average life expectancy – is shown to be not fair: the expectedly shorter-lived subsidize the expectedly longer-lived. Considering optimal design, second-best contracts are separating. Under neutrality, the shorter-lived retire too early with too low a benefit. Under redistribution, the shorter-lived work long enough and receive a high enough benefit to enjoy a higher lifetime utility than under neutrality, although they subsidize the longer-lived.