国家级经济技术开发区发展绩效区位因素研究

国家级经济技术开发区(以下简称经开区)是推进我国工业化和外向型经济发展的重要载体。由于集聚了较多加工制造活动,与生产成本和交易成本相关的区位因素都可能影响经济绩效。基于经开区产业活动区位选择特点,结合106个国家级经开区2013年面板数据作因子分析和多元回归分析,探讨了各区位因素对经开区发展绩效的影响。研究显示,与交易成本相关的区位因素对经开区绩效的影响更显著,这不仅表现为工资、地价和排污费等与生产成本直接相关的区位因素与经开区单位面积产值呈负相关关系,而且表现为交通运输条件和政府依法行政状况等与交易成本相关的区位因素与经开区绩效呈明显的正相关性。因此,为促进经开区持续健康发展,地方政府要改变以往为节约生产成本在要素方面竞相压价和盲目比拼财税优惠政策的行为,加大重视抑制交易成本的上升。

Effects of Location Factors on the Development Performance of National Economic and Technological Development Zones

National economic and technological development zones (ETDZs) are important carriers for promoting industrialization and export-oriented economy in China. Since there gathered much more manufacturing activities in ETDZs, all the location factors related to the cost of production and transaction may play important roles in their economic performance. Based on the location requirements of manufacturing activities in ETDZs, this paper mainly explores effects of main location factors on the development performance of ETDZs through the factor analysis and multiple regression analysis of panel data of 106 national ETDZs in 2013. It shows that location factors related to transaction cost have more significant impacts on the development of ETDZs, which is not only reflected in the negative correlation between the location factors related to the production cost (such as salary, land price and pollutant charge) and the output value per unit area, but the significant positive correlation between the location factors related to the transaction cost (such as transportation conditions, the status of administration according to law)and the output value per unit area. Therefore, for the sustained and healthy development of ETDZs, the local government should reduce the vicious competition on price of production factors and preferential fiscal and taxation policies and pay more attention to suppressing transaction cost.