初创战略导向对新创企业存活率的影响机制

新创企业初创阶段的战略导向对其未来存续具有持久影响，但具体影响机理有待论证。采用STROBE六维划分法，连续4年对D&B数据库中的抽样企业进行调研与“健康检查”，基于523家美国新创企业数据， 剖析6种初创战略导向对新创企业存活率的差异化影响机理。结果表明：竞争企图性战略持续消耗组织资源从而增加失败风险；分析性战略提升组织决策质量从而降低失败风险；防御性战略使组织积极运用科学管理方法与技术工具从而增加生存机会；前瞻性战略对新创企业存续没有显著影响；先动性战略推动组织创新从而开拓更佳发展前景；风险承担性战略使组织不断学习、广泛探索、保持领先，最大幅度地提高新创企业存活机率。

Research on the Influence Mechanism of Initial Strategic Orientation on Survival Rate of New Ventures

This article investigates the differentiated mechanisms and effects of initial strategic orientations on the survival rate of new ventures. Empirical results from 523 new ventures in the U.S. indicate that，the aggressiveness strategy consumes organization's resources and increases the hazard rate of failure; the analytical strategy improves the quality of organizational decision-making, ensures the realization of organizational goals, and thereby significantly reduces the risk of failure; the defensiveness strategy encourages applications of technical tools and thereby significantly increases the survival rates; the futurity strategy does not have any significant effects on the survival rate of new ventures; the proactiveness strategy promotes organizational innovations that increases survival rate of new ventures; and the riskiness strategy does not increase the survival rate of new ventures.