劳动力成本上升对不同规模企业创新行为的影响

现有研究认为劳动力成本上升会倒逼企业创新,但该结论主要基于规模以上企业实证研究,难以考察劳动力成本上升对不同规模企业创新行为的异质性影响。基于严格随机分层抽样的“中国企业-员工匹配调查”数据（CEES）,对劳动力成本上升背景下不同规模企业创新行为的异质性影响进行了大样本实证研究。将新产品推出速度作为企业创新的代理变量,研究发现劳动力成本上升对企业创新行为的影响在不同规模企业之间存在明显差异。大型企业创新速度显著加快,而中小企业的创新行为并未发现明显变化。进一步分析认为,之所以存在劳动力成本上升对中小企业创新的“倒逼失灵”现象,技能劳动力缺乏、职业培训投入不足和创新资金基础薄弱或是重要原因。

The Impact of Labor Costs Rising on the Enterprises Innovation of Different Sizes---Empirical Evidence from CEES

The existing literature suggests that labor costs rising can promote the innovation behavior of enterprises ,and this conclusion is primarily based on the sample of enterprises above designated size ,it is difficult to draw labor costs rising for the differentiated impact of different types of businesses .Based on strictly stratified random sampling data of CEES that contains samples of different sizes and using the speed of launching new products as proxy variable of innovation ,the empirical analysis shows that the impact of labor costs rising on the enterprise innovation behavior varies between enterpri‐ses of different sizes :large enterprises accelerate innovation and small‐and‐medium enterprises innovation has not found significant change .The lack of skilled labor ,insufficient investment in vocational training and weak innovation capital base is the main reason ,for w hich SM Es has failed to speed up innovation .