科技伦理治理机制及适度法制化发展

科技发展与法律规制存在步伐不匹配性，这为通由伦理学方法解决科技发展引发的伦理问题提出了制度建构需求。科技伦理由哲学理论学科或概念发展为一种治理机制，源于科技治理体制在科技与社会的持续互动中不断进行制度探索。科技伦理治理以解决伦理困境为目标，对科技伦理的影响进行探寻与反思，为个体行为提供伦理指引。科技伦理治理与法律治理享有不同治理逻辑，二者关系调和是科技治理体系完善的重点。科技伦理治理模式特征体现为适应性治理与软法规制，有必要通过适度法制化路径提升伦理治理效率。适度法制化路径应当坚持两个原则：审慎使用实体权利—义务规范方式规定伦理问题，推动法律通过规范程序方式促进伦理反思；建立法律规则、行政指引与自律规范相结合的多层次规范体系，完善风险交流机制与伦理共识达成机制，增强伦理原则执行力。

Technology Ethical Governance Mechanism and Its Moderate Legalization Development

The mismatch between technology development and legal regulation has created a need for an ethical approach to address the ethical issues raised by technology development. The development of "technology ethics" from a philosophical discipline or concept to a governance mechanism originates from the institutional exploration of the governance system of science and technology in the "continuous interaction between technology and society".Technology ethical governance mechanism aims at solving ethical dilemmas, exploring and reflecting on the ethical implications of technology, and providing ethical guidance for individual behavior. Technology ethical governance and legal governance enjoy different governance logics, and the reconciliation of the two is the focus of the improvement of the science and technology governance system. The governance model is characterized by "adaptive governance" and "soft regulation", and it is necessary to enhance the efficiency of ethical governance through moderate legalization development. It should adhere to two principles: restrict in apply the right-obligation mechanism to technology ethical issues, and promote ethical reflection by means of legal procedures; a multi-level regulatory system combining legal rules, administrative guidelines and self-regulatory regulations should be established. Through the multi-level normative system, the risk communication mechanism and ethical consensus reaching mechanism will be improved ,and the ethical principles implementation mechanism will be enhanced.