技术价值分界及其决策的伦理指向研究——以保罗的后果不确定技术价值分界理论为例

合理的技术价值界限是理性决策的依据。对于复杂的新技术，尤其是后果不确定技术，不同主体间价值认知分歧直接导致价值界限不清，成为理性决策的难点。以保罗的实用对话伦理理论为认知路径，讨论此类技术价值分界方法。通过比较功利主义、自由至上主义在价值认识和判断上的后果差异，揭示后果不确定技术价值在不同主体间漂移的原因，探索在不同价值主体间产生伦理维度的技术价值界限方法。在开放式语义环境中，不同价值主体之间的共识即是技术价值的伦理界限，可为决策公正提供伦理支撑，避免因主体缺失而导致在应用中发生技术价值过度偏失和决策失当，为我国发展诸如转基因水稻等后果不确定技术决策提供可操作性的方法论借鉴。

Study on Ethical Orientation of the Demarcation of Technological Values and Its Decision-making:Take Paul's Demarcation Theory of Technological Values with Uncertain Consequences as an Example

The reasonable demarcation of technological value is the basis for rational decision-making. For the new complex technologies, especially those with uncertain consequences, the difference of value cognition between different subjects directly leads to the unclear value boundaries, which becomes the difficultiy for rational decision-making. Taking Paul's theory of practical discourse ethics as a cognitive approach, the paper discusses the demarcating method to such technological values. By comparing the differences of consequences between utilitarianism and libertarianism in value cognition and judgment, the study reveals the reason for the drifting of technological value with uncertain consequences among different subjects, and explores the method of producing the boundary of technological value of ethical dimension among different subjects. In an open discourse environment, the consensus among different value subjects is the ethical boundary of technological value. It can provide an ethical support for the justness of decision-making, avoid excessive deviation of technological value and improper decision-making in application caused by the lack of subjects, and has practical methodological value for the decision-making of uncertain consequence technologies such as the problem of transgenic rice in China.