研发人力资本配置与技术创新——异质教育层次视角

在经济增长结构性减速和经济向高质量转型发展背景下，探讨研发人力资本有效配置对中国经济结构转型发展具有重要现实意义。基于中国2009-2018年省际面板数据，根据教育层次异质性，将研发人力资本细分为本科及以下、硕士与博士3种类型，运用静态和动态面板回归模型，从创新总量与细分创新类型视角分析不同教育层次研发人力资本作用于技术创新的差异化特征。统计分析和实证研究表明，中国地区不同教育层次研发人力资本配置不平衡，本科及以下研发人力资本占据主导地位，而本科及以下研发人力资本对地区技术创新具有一定抑制效应，硕士研发人力资本对地区技术创新具有显著正向作用，博士研发人力资本对地区技术创新没有呈现显著正面效应，且相比于硕士研发人力资本具有更低的创新产出弹性，在科研创新效率方面没有体现出预期的教育优势。研究结果对中国高层次人力资本在技术创新中的优化配置和经济结构转型发展具有积极的借鉴意义。

R&D Human Capital Allocation and Technological Innovation:Based on the Perspective of Heterogeneous Educational Attainments

In the context of structural deceleration of economic growth and the transformation of the economy to high quality, it is of great practical significance to explore the effective allocation of R&D human capital for the structural transformation of China's economy. Therefore, based on the provincial panel data from 2009 to 2018 in China, R&D human capital is divided into three types, i.e. R&D human capital with a doctoral degree, master's degree, and bachelor's degree or below, according to the heterogeneity of educational attainment. And then the static and dynamic panel regression models are used to explore the differential impacts of R&D human capital at different education levels on technological innovation from the perspective of total patents and subdivided patents. Statistical analysis and empirical research show that the distribution of R&D human capital at different education levels in China is unbalanced. R&D human capital with a bachelor's degree or below holds the largest proportion, while it has a certain inhibitory effect on regional technological innovation. In contrast, R&D human capital with a master's degree has a significant positive effect on regional technological innovation. In particular, doctoral R&D human capital has no significant positive effect on regional technological innovation, and it has lower innovation output elasticity than master's R&D human capital, and does not show the expected educational advantage in the efficiency of scientific research. The results of this paper have a positive preference for optimizing the allocation of high-level human capital in technological innovation and the transformation of economic structure in China.