长江经济带科学竞争力评价及区域异质性分析

科学竞争力是推动国家科技自立自强，实现创新发展的源能力。提升科学竞争力对实现长江经济带高质量发展具有关键意义，也有助于促进全国区域发展战略实现。从科学资源存量、科学资源投入、科学成果产出3个维度构建科学竞争力评价体系，利用加权熵权法计算出长江经济带11个省市在全国的科学竞争力排名，探究2009-2018年科学竞争力变化趋势，并通过计算赫芬达尔指数对区域异质性进行分析。研究发现：从发展趋势看，2009-2018年该区域科学竞争力整体呈上升趋势，增长了29.97%；从区域差异看，科学竞争力呈现自下游向上游的显著梯级递减趋势，上下游地区差异巨大；从科学竞争力核心指标看，长江经济带在全国占有明显优势，但存在科学资源存量与投入占优、科技成果产出水平相对较低的问题。据此，提出长江经济带应精准布局高质量创新载体、建设科学家群落、培育科学联合体、搭建省际科学协同联盟等建议。

Scientific Competitiveness Evaluation and Regional Heterogeneity Analysis of Yangtze River Economic Belt

Scientific competitiveness is the fundamental capacity to promote national science and technology self-reliance, self-improvement and innovative development. It is of great significance to improve the scientific competitiveness for the high-quality development of the Yangtze River economic belt, and is helpful to the implementation of the national regional development strategy. For the first time, this paper constructs an evaluation system of scientific competitiveness from three dimensions: the stock of scientific resources, the input of scientific resources and the output of scientific achievements, calculates the ranking of scientific competitiveness of 11 provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt in China through the weighted entropy method, judges the change trend of scientific competitiveness from 2009 to 2018, and analyzes the regional heterogeneity by calculating Herfindahl-Hirschman Index. The results show that: from the perspective of development trend, the overall competitiveness of science in 2009-2018 is on the rise, with an increase of 29.97%; from the perspective of regional differences, scientific competitiveness shows a significant cascade decline from the downstream to the upstream, and there is a huge difference between the upstream and downstream regions; from the perspective of core indicators, the Yangtze River economic belt has obvious advantages in the whole country, but there are some problems such as the dominant stock and input of scientific resources, and the relatively low output level of scientific achievements. Therefore, the Yangtze River Economic Belt should layout high-quality innovation carrier precisely, construct scientist community, cultivate scientific consortia and build inter provincial scientific collaboration alliance.