军民科技创新合作网络结构与演化——基于专利合作与社会网络实证分析

推进军民科技协同创新是攻克制约我国国防与经济发展科技难题的重要举措。为探索军民科技协同创新发展路径，采用北京市装备制造业2000-2019年军队单位、军工单位与民口单位联合专利申请数据，运用社会网络分析法和ArcGIS空间分析法，对北京市装备制造业军民科技创新合作网络结构和演化特征进行研究。结果发现，北京市装备制造业军民科技创新合作网络经历军民分离阶段、军民融合初步发展阶段，现正处于军民融合深度发展阶段初期。从结构特性看，创新合作网络规模不断扩大、密度逐步降低，网络结构呈现“多核心”特征、网络具有无标度特性；从空间分布看，北京与华东、中南地区合作频繁，逐渐形成以北京—陕西、北京—江苏、北京—河南为主的多条军民科技协同创新连接渠道；从核心节点看，军工高校与军队院校仍是军民科技研究主力，对军民科技协同创新发展起重要带动和引领作用。

The Structure and Evolution of Military-Civilian Technological Innovation Cooperation Network:an Empirical Analysis based on Patent Cooperation and Social Network

Promoting military-civilian scientific and technological collaborative innovation is an important measure to overcome scientific and technological problems that restrict our country's national defense and economic development. In order to explore the development path of military-civilian science and technology collaborative innovation, we used the data of Beijing’s equipment manufacturing industry to apply for patents jointly by military units, military-industrial units and civilian units from 2000 to 2019, and applied social network analysis and ArcGIS spatial analysis to study the structure and evolutionary characteristics of the military-civilian technological innovation cooperation network. It found that the military-civilian scientific and technological innovation cooperation network of Beijing's equipment manufacturing industry has passed the separation stage of military and civilians, the initial development stage of military-civilian integration, and is now in the early stage of the in-depth development of military-civilian integration. From the perspective of structural characteristics, the scale of innovation cooperation networks is continuously expanding, the density is gradually decreasing, the network structure presents "multi-core" characteristics, and the network is scale-free; from the perspective of spatial distribution, Beijing has frequent cooperation with East and Central South of China, gradually formed a number of military-civilian scientific and technological collaborative innovation connection channels such as Beijing-Shaanxi Province, Beijing-Jiangsu Province, Beijing-Henan Province; from the perspective of core nodes, military universities and military academies are still engaged in the main force of military-civilian scientific and technological research, and has a leading role in the development of military-civilian scientific and technological collaborative innovation.