财政科技支出、企业生命周期与技术创新

基于中国经济高质量发展目标导向，利用2007—2017年中国沪深A股上市公司数据，针对“财政科技支出—企业技术创新”范式进行分析并基于生命周期视角加以检验。结果发现，财政科技支出对企业技术创新活动产生正向驱动并展现出明显的结构性创新动力，即财政科技支出对于实质性技术创新活动的驱动更强，对于非实质性技术创新活动的促进作用不明显。在界分企业生命周期后发现，在企业成长期及成熟期，财政科技支出在驱动技术创新方面卓有成效，但在衰退期创新增益并不显著。此外，政府激励结构是影响财政科技支出效力释放的重要条件。地方政府在“为增长而竞争”导向下，财政科技支出的创新驱动效果被限制；在“为创新而竞争”导向下，财政科技支出能够充分发挥其结构性创新驱动作用。研究结论可为合理规划财政科技支出、完善政府激励体制构架提供实证依据。

Public R&D Expenditure、Enterprise Life Cycle and Technological Innovation

Based on the goal of high-quality development of China's economy, this paper uses the data of China's Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed companies from 2007 to 2017 to test the paradigm of “public R&D expenditure-enterprise technology innovation” and embeds a life cycle perspective to test.The study finds that fiscal technology spending has a clear positive drive for corporate technology innovation activities, and has demonstrated structural innovation power: that public R&D expenditure is more driven by substantive technological innovation activities, and for non-substantial technological innovation activities. The promotion is not obvious. Further, after dividing the enterprise life cycle, it is found that public R&D expenditure is effective in driving technological innovation during the growth and maturity of the enterprise, but the innovation gain in the recession period is not obvious. In particular, the government incentive structure is an important condition affecting the release of the effectiveness of fiscal technology spending. Under the guidance of “competition for growth”, the local government has limited the innovation-driven effect of fiscal technology expenditure; under the guidance of “competition for innovation”, public R&D expenditure can fully exert its (structural) innovation-driven advantage. The research results of this paper can provide an empirical basis for rational planning of public R&D expenditure and improvement of the government incentive system.