两岸科技合作治理的知识场域：范式构建与时空演进

在新时代党解决台湾问题的总体方略下,科技合作是推动两岸科技融合发展和祖国统一进程的重要组成部分。引入“知识场域”这一理论视角,构建基于结构性、关系性和实践性的两岸科技合作治理知识场域范式。从基本历程、空间特征、地区实践和共同叙事4个维度分析两岸科技合作治理的时空演进特征。讨论基础研究、专利合作与产业共通标准3类场景的实践效果,评估知识场域演化扰动因素。围绕两岸科技合作治理的内在规律和发展方向探讨现实挑战,对深化两岸科技融合具有重要意义。

The Knowledge Field in S&T Cooperative Governance of Cross-Straits: Paradigm Design and Spatiotemporal Evolution

Science and technology (S&T) cooperation is an indispensable part of the promotion of the S&T integration across the Straits and national reunification in the new era. Cross-straits cooperation in S&T has achieved remarkable progress. However, cross-straits relations are facing new challenges from the external environment. Especially in the recent interference of the United States and other international factors, the "Taiwan issue" has been increasingly internationalized. Cross-straits S&T cooperation, such as the integrated circuit industry and other key areas, faces significantly increased uncertainties and risks, and the "field" of cooperation is undergoing drastic changes. As a theoretical perspective to understand the evolution of social structure driven by social movement, "knowledge field" is of theoretical value for deepening cross-straits S&T cooperation and governance. This paper formulates the theoretical paradigm of "knowledge field" in S&T cooperative governance of cross-straits in terms of structure, relationship and practice. The knowledge field in S&T cooperation governance of cross-straits is the S&T relations rooted in the two sides’ common S&T goals, common social structure formed by S&T exchanges towards national unification. The knowledge field has structural, relational and practical characteristics. Structuralcharacteristics reflect the diversity of types of governance actors of cross-straits, relationalcharacteristics reflect the closeness of cooperation network, and practicalcharacteristics emphasize that governance actors implement collective action and establish a common narrative in the governance scene. The actors of cross-Straits S&T cooperation governance include the researchers, innovators and facilitators. Research institutions, universities and enterprises on both sides are the researchers and innovators. Government departments, industry associations and technological intermediaries are the facilitators. In particular, researchers and entrepreneurs on both sides are the micro-level producers of knowledge in S&T cooperation. The relevant departments promoting cross-straits S&T cooperation include central departments such as the Taiwan Affairs Office of the State Council and the Ministry of Science and Technology, state public institutions such as the National Natural Science Foundation of China and China Association for Science and Technology, as well as local governments. The extensive participation of the actors in knowledge field can help to shape the symmetrical flow of information and knowledge sharing among those actors, and mitigate the goal differences caused by the cognitive bias of the actors. The diversity of actor can also help to solve the problems of opaque decision-making and indirect democratic accountability in the governance groups. Cross-straits S&T cooperation comes from the common belief of actors on both sides in scientific rationality, public value and national identity, reflecting the inherent initiative of scientists, researchers and academic institutions on both sides. The paper discusses the spatiotemporal evolutionary characteristics of knowledge field from four aspects: development process, spatial features, regional practice and common narrative. Furthermore, the paper analyzes the practical effects of knowledge field from three scenarios: fundamental research, patent cooperation and collective standardization of industry. However, the complexity of the knowledge field implies that challenges always exert influence. The interference factors in the knowledge field of bilateral cooperation governance mainly include the disturbance of Taiwan political factors and international factors. The policy implications of this paper are as follows. (1) Knowledge producers should deepen their connection in S&T cooperation governance field. In the face of the ever-changing situation of cross-straits relations, technological enterprises, research institutions and universities on both sides should integrate themselves into the national strategic layout of high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and strengthen their technological adaptation and policy adaptability. (2) The departments should increase the supply of cross-straits S&T cooperation governance field system, promote their collective action, strengthen S&T, education, talent and innovation policy linkages, such as the state-led establishment of cross-straits key S&T leading talent cooperation, chip industry patent cooperation fund and industrial common standard data centers. (3) The actors of cross-straits should deepen their S&T cooperation governance scenario network. Fundamental research, patent activities and industry standard development are a long chain and interrelated scene network. However, the actors of the two sides are less involved in the frontier public technology, patent layout, intellectual property transaction, and the development of broader industrial standards. Therefore, it should be rooted in the innovation scenarios, research project processes and specific geographical spaces to promote cross-straits multi-agent S&T cooperation and governance experiments. The research helps to understand the internal principle and evolving direction of S&T cooperative governance, responding to new challenges and deepening cross-straits S&T integration.