创新政策与科研结构双重影响下高校科技创新绩效研究

我国高校科技创新政策与科研结构不协调问题影响了高校创新绩效。基于2004—2019年中国内地27个省份高校面板数据，运用路径模型、分位数回归模型和双向固定效应模型，探究创新政策与科研结构对高校科技创新绩效的影响。结果表明，高校创新政策与科研结构对创新绩效具有正向影响。结合科研产出与成果转化两个阶段，创新政策能够显著促进科研产出绩效提升，但对科技成果转化绩效的影响表现出一定的非线性特征。其中，创新政策对科技成果转化绩效具有负向影响，而科研产出绩效在两者之间发挥中介作用，说明存在一定程度的科技成果隐性转化。科研结构对创新绩效的推动作用存在分异，集中作用于科研产出阶段，说明教学与科研之间的一致性和竞争性依然存在。据此，提出应进一步发挥创新政策对科技成果转化目标的正向引导作用，在政策层面关注科技成果隐性转化，强化科研方向转移与创新要素配置的作用。

The Performance of University Science and Technology Innovation under the Dual Influence of Innovation Policy and Scientific Research Structure

Since the implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy, deepening the reform of the S&T system and optimizing the structure of scientific research have become the essential links in the upgradation of China′s scientific and technological innovation system. However, there is a problem of incongruity between the S&T innovation policy and scientific research structure of universities, which directly inhibits the innovation performance of universities. Therefore, considering the timeliness of policy release and the cumulation of policy implementation, this paper attempts to measure the level of S&T innovation policies in Chinese universities,and analyze the relationship between S&T innovation policies, scientific research structure and innovation performance in universities. The efficient operation of achievement transformation provides a new chance to explores important paths of improving the innovation performance of universities.#br#Based on the provincial panel data of S&T innovation in universities from 2004 to 2019, this paper improves the measurement method of college innovation policy on the basis of literature review. Furthermore, this paper builds an index system based on the experience of existing research without making a clear division of patent types, so as to objectively express the influence relationship of innovation performance of various universities. Scientific research performance are conducted as a mediating variable in the models. The path model, quantile regression model and fixed effect model are used to analyze the impact of innovation policy and scientific research structure on the performance of S&T innovation in universities.#br#The results show that firstly the level of innovation policy in universities is in a relatively floating state from 2004 to 2019, which reflects the contradiction between the flexibility of policy implementation. Although governments have spared effort to create a good environment for universities′ innovation, the policy environment cannot keep stable for a long time. Secondly the S&T innovation policy and scientific research structure of universities generally have a positive effect on innovation performance. By combining the two stages of scientific research output and achievement transformation, S&T innovation policy significantly promotes the performance of scientific research output, while the impact on the achievement transformation performance shows a certain nonlinear characteristic. The direct effect of innovation policy on achievement transformation performance is negative, while scientific research output performance plays an intermediary role in stimulating achievement transformation between the two, indicating that there is a certain degree of implicit transformation of scientific research results. Thirdly there are differences in the role of scientific research structure in promoting the development of innovation performance. Its effects is concentrated in the stage of scientific research output, indicating that the consistency and competition between teaching and scientific research still exist.#br#Hence it is necessary for grass-roots government to strengthen the positive guidance of innovation policies on the goal of achievement transformation, and avoid the ineffective accumulation of scientific research output performance, and achieve high quality of scientific research output and high efficiency of achievement transformation.Moreover the government should appropriately support the fine-tuning of the ratio of scientific research and teaching personnel in universities, rationally allocate innovative elements of scientific research tasks and teaching tasks based on major national needs. It is important to encourage universities to make reform attempts at the structural level. What′s more from the perspective of the policy level, it is essential to pay attention to the implicit transformation of scientific research achievements, and strengthen the important role of scientific research structure in the transformation between scientific research direction and the allocation of innovation elements.#br#This paper uses the method of efficiency measurement to measure the policy effectiveness. It incorporates the scientific research structure into the relationship between S&T innovation policies and innovation performance in universities, and explores the special significance of scientific research tasks and teaching tasks in the high-quality development of S&T innovation capabilities in universities. It divides the different levels of innovation performance, and pays attention to the direction of innovation policies in different development stages of universities. Future research can carry out research from the individual level of colleges and universities, and provide more operational reference suggestions for the path optimization of scientific and technological innovation in colleges and universities. It′s also suggested to use the multi-layer model to compare the central and local policy effectiveness of scientific and technological innovation activities in colleges and universities.#br#