数字化商业模式研究回顾与展望

在数字经济时代，利用数字技术特性设计和实现能够充分发挥数字化潜能、具有数字化特征的商业模式是企业最重要的能力之一，有利于企业在高度不确定性数字环境中发展壮大。在此背景下，数字化商业模式实践的大量涌现引发了愈来愈多的理论关注，但作为新兴研究议题，数字化商业模式研究尚存在概念不清、研究分散等问题。鉴于此，首先对数字化商业模式进行溯源，解析数字化商业模式概念和类型；其次，对数字化商业模式内在机制、前因后果等文献进行细致梳理，构建数字化商业模式理论框架；最后，基于上述文献梳理，展望数字化商业模式未来研究方向。研究结论可为推进数字化商业模式研究进展、启发数字化商业模式创新实践提供参考。

Digital Business Model: A Literature Review and Research Prospects

With the rapid development of digital technology, especially the rise of artificial intelligence, internet of things, cloud computing, 5G and other related technologies and industries, enterprises have come into a new digital business environment. The evolution of digital technology is a business game changer and a key to the transformation of old and new business models. Therefore, in the era of digital innovation and entrepreneurship, it is one of the most important capabilities for an enterprise to use the digital technology to design and implement a business model with digital characteristics , which is conducive to its survival and vigorous growth.#br#Existing literature has conducted the business model research in the background of the digital era and put forward the concept of Digital Business Model(DBM). As a new business trend under the digital background, digital business model depicts the business logic and basic principles of enterprises taking advantage of digital technology and having digital characteristics. It is of great significance for enterprises to tap new sources of value creation, construct digital business logic and reshape the pattern of industrial competition. Although this topic is extremely important for academic research and management practice of business, and has attracted more and more attention in the academic field, the specific connotation and unique performance of digital business model is still unclear due to different research perspectives and research contexts. In addition, It is also difficult to fully reveal the uniqueness and complexity of digital business model due to the limited understanding of its formation mechanism and action path.#br#Therefore, what are the specific connotations and characteristics of digital business model? How do enterprises realize digital business model? Where shall we start with the study of digital business model? Based on the the above questions, this study firstly traces the source of digital business model and combs its concept. By sorting out the research on digital business models, it can be found that from the "spark" of early research on business model to the prevalence of business model research of e-commerce enterprises, until the recent formal proposal of the concept of digital business model, the research on digital business model is increasingly enriched and refined, but at the same time, it still lacks uniformity, clarity and direction. There are three kinds of understanding of digital business model in existing research, including emphasizing digital elements, highlighting business model elements and failing to focus on any element of digital and business model, so there is no concensus on the definition of this concept.#br#Thus, centering on the discussion of the digital business model forms based on digital enabling and digital enhancing, this paper further deepens the conceptual understanding of digital business model, and compares digital and traditional business model. Secondly, this paper clarifies the types of digital business model, and presents the specific structure of digital business model from the perspectives of degree, approach, elements and so on. The characteristics and performance of different types of digital business models vary, so enterprises should empower and enhance their business model attributes and elements according to their own environment and enterprise development.#br#Furthermore, by analyzing the internal mechanism, the driving factors and the consequences of digital business model, this paper reveals the logic of its emergence and development logic. First, in terms of the internal mechanism of digital business model, the three basic processes of digitization (representation, connectivity and aggregation) can offer new digital advantages and potential to value elements, which has an important impact on enterprise value proposition, value creation and value acquisition. At the same time, digitalization and business model have interactive relations, the internal logic of business model will also put forward requirements for digitalization. Second, the generation and development of digital business model is a complex process. Various elements of individual (such as characteristics, identity and experience), organization (such as organizational attributes, organizational culture, strategy) and environment (such as environmental dynamics, institutional and industry characteristics) may influence the progress and effectiveness of digital business model. Third, digital business model has an impact on corporate performance, organizational resilience and digital entrepreneurial ecosystem.#br#The article stresses the types and essential attributes of digital business models in further study. Researchers are suggested to pay attention to the exploration of the double-edged sword effect of digital business model, and identify the boundary conditions of digital business model results.#br#