国家级大数据综合试验区创新效应研究

基于2008—2019年中国内地283个地级市平衡面板数据，以2015年分批实施的国家级大数据综合试验区为准自然实验，采用广义双重差分法评估大数据发展对城市创新能力的驱动作用，得到如下结论：①国家级大数据综合试验区政策对城市创新能力提升具有显著促进作用；②从空间溢出效应看，国家级大数据综合试验区建设有利于加速知识与信息技术跨区转移、流动以及扩散，培育创新增长极，对相邻区域、经济联系较紧密区域产生较强的创新示范效应；③从中介效应看，优化要素配置、推动产业结构调整和促进大众创业创新是大数据综合试验区提升城市创新能力的重要渠道；④从异质性看，大数据综合试验区对中西部城市、高行政等级城市和网络基础设施不足城市的创新驱动效应更强，表明大数据综合试验区建设有利于填补区域间“数字鸿沟”，推动区域协同发展。

Innovation Effect of National Big Data Comprehensive Pilot Zone

With the accelerated evolution of a new round of global scientific and technological revolution and industrial reform, China's economic development has gradually entered a new stage of digital economy driven by data elements and interconnected with all things. Represented by the Internet, big data, cloud computing and artificial intelligence, the integration of digital economy and many fields of social economy has become an irresistible trend of the times, and it has a strategic and overall impact on the innovation driven development of China's social economy. At present, China has the largest number of Internet and mobile Internet users in the world, and has rich digital resources and application market advantages, which has laid the foundation for the development and application of big data. However, there are also a series of shortcomings, such as insufficient openness and sharing of data resources, weak industrial foundation, and limited innovation and application fields.#br#Taking the national big data comprehensive pilot area as the quasi natural experiment, this paper analyzes the relationship between the construction of big data comprehensive pilot area and urban innovation ability from both theoretical and empirical aspects, reveals the mechanism of big data comprehensive pilot area affecting urban innovation ability, and provides scientific theoretical support for the development of regional innovation system and the formulation and implementation of relevant policies under the digital economy.Using the balanced panel data of 283 prefecture level cities in China from 2008 to 2018, this study takes the national big data comprehensive pilot area implemented in batches in 2015 as the quasi -natural experiment, and employs the generalized double difference method to identify and evaluate the driving effect of big data development on urban innovation ability. #br#The main conclusions are as follows. (1) The policy of the national big data comprehensive pilot zone plays a significant role in promoting the improvement of urban innovation ability. This conclusion is still significantly valid after a series of robustness tests such as propensity matching score and excluding other policy effects. (2) From the perspective of spatial spillover effect, the construction of national big data comprehensive pilot area is conducive to accelerating the cross regional transfer, flow and diffusion of knowledge and information technology, cultivating new innovation growth poles, and producing a strong demonstration effect on the innovation of adjacent regions and regions with strong economic ties. (3) From the perspective of mediating effect, the big data comprehensive pilot zone can promote the improvement of urban innovation ability by optimizing factor allocation, promoting industrial structure adjustment and promoting mass entrepreneurship and innovation. (4) From the perspective of heterogeneity, the innovation drive of the big data comprehensive pilot area is relatively stronger for central and western cities, cities with high administrative levels and cities with low network infrastructure, indicating that the construction of the big data comprehensive pilot area is conducive to narrowing the "digital divide" between regions and promoting the construction of a new pattern of regional coordinated development.From the perspective of urban innovation, this paper focuses the innovation driving effect of digital economy on the field of technological innovation, and empirically tests the innovation driving effect and its influence mechanism of the construction of big data comprehensive experimental zone from the aspects of factor allocation optimization, industrial structure adjustment and entrepreneurial innovation.It broadens and enriches the theoretical analysis framework of digital economy and regional innovation. Then by taking advantage of the exogenous event of the construction of national big data comprehensive pilot zone, the dual difference model is used to identify the innovation driving effect of digital economy, which alleviates the reverse causality problem between digital economy and regional innovation to a certain extent;meanwhile the spatial double difference model is used to investigate the demonstration effect of the big data comprehensive pilot area on the innovation ability of adjacent regions. Finally according to the heterogeneous characteristics of urban location, level and network infrastructure, the study further clarifies the differences of innovation driving effects of the construction of big data comprehensive test area in cities with different characteristics, which is conducive to an in-depth understanding of the action mechanism and boundary conditions of the construction of big data comprehensive pilot area and the impovement of the urban innovation level.#br#