政府科研机构科技资源配置效率影响因素组态分析

结合超效率SBM模型和模糊集定性比较分析（fsQCA）法，以中国内地25个省级行政区政府科研机构为样本，探讨科技资源配置结构、配置方式和配置环境对省级政府科研机构科技资源配置效率提升的组态效应。研究发现：①单个要素不构成高科技资源配置效率的必要条件，但基础研究强度在科技资源配置效率提升方面发挥了较为普遍的作用；②5种组态均可带来高科技资源配置效率，分别为由基础研究构成的基础研究型组态；由基础研究和应用研究构成的科学研究型组态；由基础研究、计划配置和区域开放度构成的基础研究—环境型组态；由基础研究、市场配置、计划配置、产学研合作水平和区域开放度构成的基础研究—平衡型组态；由应用研究、产学研合作水平和区域开放度构成的应用研究—环境型组态。其中，基础研究型组态和基础研究—平衡型组态在提升科技资源配置效率方面更有效；③我国东西部地区政府科研机构科技资源配置效率提升路径存在显著差异。据此，提出各地区政府科研机构应“因地制宜”地采取匹配路径和针对性措施，以有效提升科技资源配置效率。

Configuration Analysis of Influencing Factors on Allocation Efficiency of Scientific and Technological Resources in Government Scientific Research Institutions

With the increasingly fierce scientific and technological competition among countries, the status of scientific and technological resources has been continuously improved. Due to the scarcity of scientific and technological resources, while stepping up their own scientific and technological innovation activities, countries are also thinking about how to improve the allocation efficiency of scientific and technological resources to better serve their own scientific and technological innovation activities and enhance their international competitiveness. Under the guidance of the policy of strengthening China through science and technology, China's demand for science and technology resources is also increasing. However China used to emphasize applied research rather than basic research, so there is unreasonable allocation of scientific and technological resources. Government scientific research institutions, supported by government public resources, need more scientific and technological resources to support their scientific and technological innovation, and meanwhile the government need to strengthen rational scientific and technological resources allocation.#br#Taking government scientific research institutions as the research object, this paper selects 25 provincial and municipal government scientific research institutions in China as research cases. First, the super-efficiency SBM model is used to evaluate the allocation efficiency of scientific and technological resources in government scientific research institutions. Then, the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) method is used to reveal how the six influencing factors including basic research intensity, applied research intensity, market allocation, planned allocation, industry-university-research cooperation and regional openness from the dimension of the structure, mode and environment of the allocation of scientific and technological resources in selected institutions interact to improve the efficiency of scientific and technological resources allocation.#br#Results show that a single factor is weak in explaining the efficiency of high-tech resources allocation, but the intensity of basic research plays a more universal role in improving the efficiency of scientific and technological resources allocation. There are five different configurations which influence high-tech resources allocation efficiency. They are basic research type dominated by basic research, scientific research type jointly by basic and applied research, basic research-environmental type jointly by basic research, government allocation and regional openness, basic research-balanced type jointly by basic research, market allocation, government allocation, level of industry-university-research cooperation and regional openness, and applied research - environment type jointly by applied research, industry-university-research cooperation level and regional openness. Among them, the basic research type and the basic research - balanced type play a more important role. There are obvious differences in the ways to improve the efficiency of the allocation of scientific and technological resources of government scientific research institutions. The improvement of the allocation efficiency of scientific and technological resources of government scientific research institutions in the western and northeast regions of China mainly depends on scientific research including the driving force of basic research and applied research. In the east of China, it mainly depends on the linkage of the configuration structure, configuration mode and configuration environment of scientific and technological resources or the coordination and concurrency of configuration structure and configuration environment.#br#To study the allocation efficiency of scientific and technological resources, this study takes government scientific research institutions as the research object and use fsQCA. Different from previous studies, this study considers the influence of the interaction between factors on the allocation efficiency of scientific and technological resources, which to some extent makes up for the limitation of previous quantitative studies that consider the role of a single factor. This research also has instructive significance to practice. There are obvious differences in the factors influencing the allocation efficiency of scientific and technological resources of government scientific research institutions in different regions of China. The allocation efficiency of scientific and technological resources of government scientific research institutions in the western and northeastern regions of China mainly rely on scientific research which includes both basic research and applied research. In the east of China, it mainly depends on the joint adaptation of the configuration structure, configuration mode and configuration environment of scientific and technological resources or the coordination and concurrency of configuration structure and configuration environment. Therefore, we should take into account the differences of regional government scientific research institutions, and adopt matching paths and targeted measures according to local conditions in order to improve the efficiency of scientific and technological resources allocation effectively.#br#