科技成果商业规模示范：组织学习与政府政策支持的作用

商业规模示范是科技成果产业化的重要环节，当前关于如何推进商业规模示范的研究较少。研究组织学习、政府政策支持对商业规模示范的作用，选取312份企业调研数据进行实证分析。结果表明：①组织学习中的“用中学”和“互动中学”均对商业规模示范存在积极影响，且互动中学的作用更强；②政府政策支持不仅积极影响商业规模示范且正向调节互动中学与商业规模示范的关系；③不同规模、不同性质、不同地区企业商业规模示范及政府政策支持存在差异。该结论不仅有助于明晰商业规模示范中组织学习与政府政策支持的影响机制，而且揭示出企业研发、组织学习及政府政策支持并行是提升科技成果产业化质量与效率的重要途径。

Commercial Scale Demonstration of Scientific and Technological Achievements: The Role of Organizational Learning and Government Policy Support

The low conversion rate of scientific and technological achievements has always been a weak link restricting the efficiency and quality of national scientific and technological innovation.The development and promotion of new technology requires investment in establishing and developing commercial market, aligning legal system with new technology, and improving legality and public acceptance of the technology.Therefore, it is necessary not only to pay attention to the laboratory verification results of scientific and technological achievements and the development of industrial scale trial production, but also to reduce the risks and uncertainties of market, organization and system in the industrialization of scientific and technological achievements.The transformation of scientific and technological achievements requires laboratory verification, industrial-scale trial production and commercial scale demonstration.Commercial scale demonstration is an important part of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, which determines the success of the industrialization of scientific and technological achievements.Commercial scale demonstration is in the final stage of diffusion.It can shorten the specific technology from prototype development, trial production, industrial application to commercial application.It aims to establish a factory closer to commercial scale, create and test demonstration activities on the value chain to assist the introduction to upstream and downstream technology markets, and verify the commercialization feasibility of new technologies or products by accumulating operational experience, stimulating innovation, maximizing performance, reducing cost, improving efficiency, and gaining user knowledge and experience.Previous studies on commercial scale demonstration focused on the role of demonstration function on innovation, while there was a lack of clear cognition on how to improve the effect of commercial-scale demonstration, and few studies on the role of enterprises in this process.Learning is a skill necessary for new technologies to bridge the valley of death between basic R&D and commercialization.The advancement of scientific and technological achievements to the stage of commercial scale demonstration requires not only learning technical knowledge, but also non-technical knowledge such as markets and policies.However, the expansion of scale and the increase of actors make acquiring and using knowledge far from easy.Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the effective learning process and learning strategies in commercial scale demonstration.There is a direct connection between "Learning-by-using" and "Learning-by-interacting" and commercial scale demonstration, and two types of learning can reduce operating costs, reduce risk, and increase proprietary knowledge.In addition, the high-investment, high-risk characteristics of commercial scale demonstration can easily lead to market failure, and the lack of government policy support can weaken technology adoption and slow down the market department's speed, so governments need to build Bridges across the "valley of death".Therefore, based on the theory of organizational learning and institutional theory, the influence of organizational learning and government policy support on commercial scale demonstration was explored to provide reference for the S&T achievement transformation project of enterprise management into commercial scale demonstration.Six hypotheses were proposed based on a conceptual model that drives the effective operation of the commercial scale demonstration.Then the scale was designed and a predictive test was carried out to ensure the stability of the structure and content of the scale.A large-scale questionnaire survey was conducted using three questionnaires, and 312 valid questionnaires were eventually collected.The results show that: (1) Both "learning-by-using" and "learning-by-interacting" in organizational learning facilitate commercial scale demonstration positively, while learning-by-interacting has a stronger impact; (2) Government policy support not only positively influences commercial scale demonstration but also positively adjusts the relationship between learning-by-interacting and commercial scale demonstration; (3) There are differences in different scale, nature and regional enterprises' commercial scale demonstration and government policy support.This study will help to clarify the influence mechanism of organizational learning and government policy support in commercial scale demonstration, and suggest the importance of the combination of enterprise R&D, organizational learning and government policy support to improve the quality and efficiency of industrialization of scientific and technological achievements.In addition, this research has three practical impacts:first, companies must pays attention to the role of learning-by-interacting in the commercial scale demonstration stage.By integrating resources and building a commercial scale demonstration communication platform, it promotes knowledge flow and feedback among actors, gathers complementary knowledge from suppliers, potential customers, and investors to produce knowledge spillover effects, and jointly solves the problems in commercial scale demonstrations.Second, companies need to actively strive for government policy support to give play to the positive external effects of commercial scale demonstrations.Third, the goverment should give full play to the leading role of large enterprises in commercial scale demonstrations, and give priority attention to them through policy support.It is necessary for the government to investigate the needs, characteristics and problems of enterprises of different sizes and regions in the commercial scale demonstration, so as to formulate practical sustainable support policies.