跨国企业母国创新网络对国际化创新绩效的影响——高管国际化背景与企业数字化的调节作用

在国际形势复杂多变、新冠肺炎疫情肆虐的全球背景下，我国跨国公司国际化创新发展需要国内创新资源支撑，但当前研究主要关注国际创新资源对跨国企业国际化创新的影响。基于国际化创新内外双循环格局，选取2010—2019年我国电子信息产业上市公司为研究样本，通过Tobit回归探究母国企业创新网络对国际化创新绩效的影响，结果表明，母国企业创新网络规模正向影响国际化创新，而高管国际化和企业数字化具有正向调节作用。结论对我国跨国企业利用国内技术创新资源构建国际化创新双循环格局具有重要现实意义：一是在宏观政策上，政府要加强国内创新网络建设以支撑企业国际化创新发展；二是在跨国企业内部，要重视国际化人才引进和企业内部数字化建设，通过积累国际化创新人力资源促进国际创新资源吸收，并为创新效率提升奠定数字化基础。

The Impact of Home Country Innovation Network on International Innovation Performance of Multinational Enterprises:the Moderating Effect of Senior Executives' International Background and Enterprise Digitalization

In recent years, the remarkable improvement of international innovation performance of Chinese multinational enterprises, such as the accelerated process of overseas patent layout, provides evidence for the transformation from' Made in China' to' Intelligent Manufacturing in China'. However, China is currently facing the dual dilemma of unstable international trade pattern and the prevalence of COVID-19 in the world, and multinational enterprises will also face the blockade of patent barriers in developed countries. It will be increasingly difficult to obtain overseas innovation resources, which may lead to the obstruction of international innovation and development. Therefore, only by promoting the benign interaction cycle between international innovation and domestic innovation can China's multinational enterprises further promote the development of international innovation.#br#The existing research has rich discussions on international innovation of multinational enterprises, but there are obvious shortcomings. (1)The research object is limited to developed countries, and less involves multinational companies in emerging economies. (2)The role of home country resources in international innovation of Chinese multinational enterprises is often ignored. Under the background of open innovation and the framework of traditional internationalization theory, studies have focused on the role of overseas innovation networks in promoting the innovation of Chinese multinational enterprises. However, from the two mechanisms of technology spillover and reverse spillover, in the international innovation of multinational enterprises in China, the innovation resources brought by overseas R& D networks are not the only source of international innovation of enterprises, and the home country innovation network promotes the development of international innovation of enterprises. Some facts and theories can strongly support this view. Based on the resource-based view, this paper argues that home country innovation network can have a positive impact on the international innovation of enterprises to play a specific local resource advantage, cost risk advantage and mechanism change advantage.#br#In addition, domestic and international innovation networks can bring innovation heterogeneous resources to enterprises, but how innovation resources can be effectively transformed into innovation output is related to the situational conditions regulating the relationship between innovation networks and enterprise innovation performance. The existing adjustment variables of international innovation are mostly concentrated in the macro level, and the exploration of micro adjustment factors and situations is relatively less. At the micro level, human resources and technical level are the two internal factors for enterprises to internalize external innovation resources effectively. Excellent human resources and advanced management technology can effectively improve enterprise innovation ability and promote enterprise innovation. Specifically in the field of international innovation of China' s enterprises, the current trend of management internationalization and enterprise digitization is significantly enhanced. Team-based executive teams are conducive to absorbing and digesting international cutting-edge technologies, and digitization can greatly improve the innovation efficiency of enterprises. Therefore, it is necessary to study the influence of the two situational factors of executives' internationalization and digital economy on the home country’ s innovation network and international innovation.#br#Based on the above research results, this paper carries out research design based on the assumption of internal and external circular pattern of international innovation. It selects the listed companies of China’ s electronic information industry from 2010 to 2019 as the research samples, explores the influence of the innovation network of the home country’ s enterprises on the performance of international innovation through Tobit regression, and introduces returnee executives and enterprise digitalization as the moderator variables, so as to further explore its influencing mechanism. The results show that : (1)the scale of home country innovation network positively affects international innovation; (2) executives' internationalization experience has a positive moderating effect on the relationship between home country innovation network and international innovation performance; (3)enterprise digitalization has a positive moderating effect on the relationship between home country innovation network and enterprise international innovation. By robustness tests such as changing regression methods and changing dependent variables, it is proved that the above conclusions are still valid.#br#This paper innovatively uses the data of listed companies in China to empirically study the impact of home country innovation network on international innovation of multinational enterprises. It provides a theoretical basis for the Chinese intelligent manufacturing transformation, and enriches the theoretical research results of the influencing mechanism of enterprise international innovation, and also puts forward management suggestions for enterprises to improve the level of international innovation.#br#