社会创业行为实现路径及内在机理——一项扎根理论的探索

基于8份社会创业者访谈材料，运用扎根理论方法，对社会创业在中国制度环境中的实现路径进行探索性分析。结果表明，社会创业意愿是社会创业的前置因素，制度情景和社会痛点是孕育社会创业意愿的重要土壤；创业者在多重制度逻辑中灵活运用合法性构建和资源拼凑等理性工具，并持续积累与更新创业知识和技巧，发挥社会创业意愿转化为创业行为的工具理性作用；当激励效应反馈到社会创业意愿时，新一轮创业行为将始于新的创业意愿；在整个社会创业意愿实现过程中，情绪特质和突发情节发挥重要调节效应。

The Realization Path and Inner Mechanism of Social Entrepreneurial Behavior:An Exploration of Grounded Theory

In recent years, the practice and concept of social entrepreneurship has developed rapidly, which has brought new path and imagination to China's social governance innovation and economic growth. Social entrepreneurship or social enterprise is an emerging social innovation practice introduced into China from the UK and other countries. The theory of new institutionalism points out that a certain institutional form should be transplanted into a new policy scenario, and the corresponding process of localization should be embedded into its own institutional system and governance scenario. Under the authoritarian system dominated by the government, the process of social entrepreneurship is deeply embedded in the unique institutional context, and the consistency of social entrepreneurship willingness and behavior is affected by various formal and informal institutional factors. #br#Previous studies on the concept, key elements and process stages of social entrepreneurship have improved the understanding, but how social entrepreneurship occurs in China's institutional context, what and how the key factors affecting social entrepreneurship and interacting with each other need further answers. These have hindered China's existing institutional environment from further reform. Therefore, this paper attempts to address the following two key questions: which core factors (especially institutional factors) play an important role in the process of achieving social entrepreneurship? How do these factors interact to play a catalytic role? Through the answers to the above questions, this paper aims to enhance the overall understanding of the process of social entrepreneurship, and provide facts and evidence for clarifying the debate of multiple values.#br#This paper selects 8 social entrepreneurs and enterprises as the sample represented by Shenzhen Canyou Group, and the path of social entrepreneurship in China's institutional environment is explored based on grounded theory by a multi-case study. This paper attempts to construct a path conceptual model of willingness—behavior realization of social entrepreneurship, in which social entrepreneurship willingness, institutional situation, social pain point, resource rationality, sudden circumstances, emotional characteristics and incentive effect play an important role in the realization of social entrepreneurship behavior.#br#The results show that social entrepreneurial willingness is the precondition of social entrepreneurship, and it directly determines the emergence of social entrepreneurial behavior and its sustainable development. Social entrepreneurs flexibly use rational tools such as legal construction and resource patchwork in the vague multiple institutional logic, and continuously accumulate and update entrepreneurial knowledge and skills to play a rational role in the process of turning social entrepreneurial willingness into practice. Emotional traits and sudden events regulate the rhythm of entrepreneurial behavior in terms of stability. The emotional traits of social entrepreneurs can provide stable emotion for the process of entrepreneurial willingness. Incentive effect connects the cycle of social entrepreneurial behavior and social entrepreneurial willingness. When positive/negative incentive feedback is transmitted to social entrepreneurial willingness, a new round of entrepreneurial behavior start from new willingness.#br#The possible contribution of this paper lies in, first of all, compared with previous studies, this paper is more comprehensive in the sample selection, focusing on not only the results of entrepreneurial cases, but also failure cases. In addition, cases of different genders and different periods of entrepreneurial processes of social entrepreneurs are taken into account. Secondly, this paper constructs a relatively complete concept model of willingness—behavior realization of social entrepreneurship by using the method of grounded theory. It deepens the understanding of the mechanism of social entrepreneurship realization path in China, and discovers some unique Chinese elements, such as institutional situation and resource rationality.Moreover, as an exploratory study, there are still some limitations, such as the sample data collection is not comprehensive enough, the reliability and validity of conclusions need to be further tested.#br#