科技投入超效率测度的偏DEA分析与资本驱动的区域协调

现有科技活动效率研究存在异质性缺陷，导致无法深入分析引发效率差异的区域演进成因。应用超效率测度理论结合偏DEA视窗法，实证分析2010—2019年全国内地30个省（市）科技活动效率的动态演化进程，并从科技资本投入视角构建面板数据方程，考察不同资本类型驱动下我国科技投入效率空间溢出的直接效应与间接效应，同时，应用Moran′sI指数衡量各省（市）科技活动效率与空间集聚关联性。研究表明：近十年来我国科技活动效率整体呈现快速上升—趋势减缓—明显下降的发展态势，其中，东北地区效率饱和，投资冗余明显；华北地区效率偏低，高效率省（市）带动能力突出；华东和中南地区效率呈螺旋式上升，区域内省（市）组团差异明显；西北地区与西南地区效率偏高，但省（市）分化差异明显。从整体看，我国科技活动效率溢出能力显著，政府资本与企业资本对总效率溢出呈正向影响；外来资本对总效率溢出无明显影响，且资本效应的空间关联性不显著，绝大多数省市的科技活动效率提升处于资本弥补阶段，极少省市处于资本驱动状态。

The Partial DEA Window Analysis and the Efficiency Spatial Correlation Under the Capital Effect of China′s Scientific and Technological Input Over Efficiency Measure

The existing researches on the efficiency of scientific and technological activities have serious heterogeneity defects, so there is the need for an in-depth analysis of the regional efficiency difference. This study uses the super-efficiency measure theory and DEA window method to empirically analyze the dynamic evolution of science and technology activities in 30 provinces (cities) in China from 2010 to 2019. It constructs a panel data equation from the perspective of investment in science and technology to examine the driving force of different capital types, and the direct and indirect effects of space overflow in China's input in science and technology efficiency to confirm if the capital difference plays a leading role in the annual average efficiency of China's scientific and technological activities. Moran's index is used to measure the correlation types of efficiency and spatial agglomeration of science and technology activities in different provinces (cities). The research shows that in the past ten years, the efficiency of science and technology activities in China has shown an initial rapid rise,but the trend markedly decreased in recent years. Among them, the efficiency of Northeast China is saturated and the capital investment is redundant. High efficiency provinces (cities) have outstanding driving ability. The efficiencies in central and southern China have spirally increased, and there are obvious differences among the groups in each province (city) in the region. The efficiency in northwestern region and southwestern region is high, but there are obvious differences in provincial (city) differentiation. As a whole, the efficiency of technology activities in China overflows obviously. #br#It is found that government funds and enterprise funds in North China, Central South and southwest have a significant negative effect on the efficiency of science and technology investment in this region, and a significant positive spillover effect; and government funds and enterprise funds have a positive total effect on the efficiency of science and technology investment in northeast China government funds and enterprise funds have a significant negative effect on the efficiency of science and technology investment in this region. But the significant positive spatial spillover effects on adjacent regions are different, indicating that the effect of government capital investment in Northeast China is close to saturation, and there is still a large space for enterprise capital investment. Government and enterprise funds in East China have different significant negative effects on the efficiency of science and technology investment in this region, and also have different positive spatial spillover effects on adjacent regions, indicating that the government capital investment in East China is close to saturation, and there is much room for the transformation of enterprise capital investment. The degree of convergence of the spatial correlation between the efficiency transfer of science and technology investment and spatial agglomeration in 30 provinces (cities) is spiraling, the degree of spatial correlation between provinces is obviously close, and the efficiency of science and technology investment in most provinces (cities) is still in the "capital pursuit". In the benefit acquisition stage, the spatial spillover effect is not obvious, and has not yet transitioned to the capital driven value discovery stage. #br#It is suggested that departments in charge of scientific and technological activities at all levels, enterprises and institutions should concentrate limited resources on scientific and technological projects with more basic and important breakthrough connotation. Secondly it is essential to fully understand the effects of different capital sources in the region to promote the efficiency of investment in scientific and technological activities. Relevant provinces (cities) in the region should carefully clarify the mutual influences and effect deduction degrees of different capital items including government investment, enterprise investment and social investment. It’s vital to pay attention to the dual difference of "quantity and quality" in the continued use of government funds; in many regions, there is still a large amount of space for enterprise capital investment. Thirdly in terms of the total amount, it is still necessary to increase the overall investment in various scientific and technological resources and earnestly fulfill the inevitable requirements of the transformation of service-oriented government. It is critical to clearly understand the mainstream scientific and technological development trend, and make reasonable resource distribution patterns of scientific and technological investment so as to track the forefront of science and technology.#br#