企业创新资源配置结构对创新绩效的影响：基于不同产权性质视角

产权性质与企业创新投入及创新绩效的关系一直是学术界争论的焦点之一。尽管整合制度逻辑和效率逻辑有助于调和现有矛盾，但是采用投入—产出模型忽略了影响创新绩效的微观要素与配置结构间的差异。以要素配置为切入点，将企业创新资源配置划分为人员结构、人员层次结构与经费结构3部分，从产权性质视角打开企业创新投入的“黑箱”。结果发现：①与民营企业相比，国企倾向于配置更多创新资源；②在国企的3种资源配置结构中，仅经费结构配置合理，能够显著提升创新绩效，人员结构配置对创新绩效的提升作用不显著；③相比之下，民企人员结构配置较为合理，对创新绩效的提升发挥着重要作用；④国企、民企人员层次结构配置均不合理且无显著差异。研究表明：民企善于发挥人的优势，而国企更能发挥物的优势。研究结论可为解释产权性质与创新绩效差异提供新视角。

Innovation Resource Allocation Structure and Innovation Performance: A Perspective of Ownership

Ownership, innovation input and innovation performance has always been one of the focus questions. Although integrating the institutional logic and efficiency logic helps reconcile existing contradictory perspectives, input-output models ignore the micro factors that affect innovation performance and do not account for heterogeneity in resource allocation structure. Taking micro-level firm resource factor allocation as the breakthrough point, this paper firstly subdivides firms' resource allocation into three structures: personnel structure, personnel structure of senior and funding structure. From the perspective of ownership, the black box of firm's innovation investment is opened. The results show that compared with private firms, state-owned enterprises tend to allocate more resources. Further analysis shows that: ①Among the three resource allocation structures of State-Owned enterprises, only the funding structure is reasonable, which can significantly improve innovation performance. However, personnel structure is not helpful. ②In contrast, for private enterprises, the allocation of personnel structure is reasonable to make a great contribution. ③ The allocation of personnel structure of senior is unreasonable, and there's no significant difference between two kinds of the enterprises. This founding illustrates that state-owned enterprises are better to play the role of things, while private enterprises are good at using the advantages of human. The results offer a new micro perspective to explain the differences in innovation performance caused by ownership variations.