社会资本对家庭"因病致贫"有显著减缓作用吗?—基于大病冲击下的微观经验证据

文章在理论假说基础上,利用2013年CHARLS数据,采用Probit和工具变量模型,实证检验了多维社会资本在大病冲击下是否仍能起到显著减缓贫困的作用.结果表明:在没有大病冲击时,社会资本均可以起到显著的减贫作用.但大病冲击前后,社会资本对贫困发生率的影响结果存在差异.社会资本降低贫困发生率的结果为:个人社会活动每增加0.1分,其大病冲击前后的贫困率分别降低5.1%和7.5%;每增加1个社区活动场所,大病冲击前后的贫困率可分别降低0.71%和1.63%;亲友经济往来金额每增加50%,大病冲击前后的贫困率可分别降低11.9%和3.9%;家庭照料不受大病冲击的影响,且有被减弱的可能性;家庭借贷减贫作用始终不显著.即社会资本对家庭因病致贫具有显著减缓作用,与不同社会经济状况人群交往的"桥型"社会资本比家庭亲友内部交往的"结型"社会资本的减贫作用更强.文章为重视培育以家庭为主体的社会资本,发挥其非正式制度治理因病致贫的作用提供了微观经验证据.

Can Social Capital Slow Down the Family's "Poverty Caused by Illness"? ——Microcosmic Empirical Evidence Based on Health Shock

The problem of poverty caused by illness in China is very serious, but the research on the role of anti-poverty effect of family social capital has not been paid much attention to. On the basis of theoret-ical hypotheses, and by using the 2013 CHARLS data, and the Probit model and IVProbit model, we empiric-ally test whether the multidimensional social capital can still significantly play a role of anti-poverty effect un-der health shock. Our empirical results show that social capital can play a significant role of anti-poverty ef-fect no matter what kind of health shock happens. Each increase of personal social activities by 0.1 points makes the poverty incidence reduce before and after health shock by 5.1% and 7.5% respectively. Each in-crease of one community activity place makes the poverty incidence reduce before and after health shock by 0.71% and 1.63% respectively. Each increase of the amount of economic transactions among relatives and friends by 50% makes the poverty incidence reduce before and after health shock by 11.9% and 3.9% respect-ively. The role of anti-poverty effect of providing family care time is not affected by health shock, but there is a possibility that the effect is weakened. The role of anti-poverty effect of family lending has always been not significant. Social capital has a significant effect on family poverty caused by illness alleviation. The role of anti-poverty effect of the bridge type social capital which is built by associating with people in different social and economic conditions is stronger than that of the bound type social capital which is built by associating with family and friends in the same social and economic condition. Our research provides microcosmic empir-ical evidence for paying attention to the family subject social capital and giving play to the role of family's in-formal institutional governance poverty caused by illness.