互联网使用能否减小性别工资差距?——基于CFPS数据的经验分析

互联网的广泛应用为减小性别工资差距带来了新的可能.基于中国家庭追踪调查( CFPS)数据,文章考察了互联网使用及偏好对性别工资的影响作用,利用RIF回归分解的方法分析了互联网对性别工资差距的影响.结果表明:第一,使用互联网促进了性别工资的增长,并且对于不同婚姻状况、年龄和学历的就业者而言,这种影响作用存在差异;第二,上网时长与性别工资之间呈"倒U形"关系,并且男性无论在家还是在工作场所上网,均对工资有正向影响,而女性在工作场所上网对工资有显著影响;第三,利用网络收发邮件和信息获取能够提高男性工资,但娱乐游戏会减小男性工资,而上网专业学习能够提高女性工资;第四,使用互联网能够减小低收入层和中高收入层就业者的性别工资差距,但却加大了高收入层就业者的性别工资差距.据此文章建议,为减小性别工资差距,不仅要强化网络建设和扩大教育培训,增加女性互联网使用率和使用技能,而且要发展新经济新业态,升级产业结构,减小职业性别隔离.

Does Internet Usage Reduce the Gender Wage Gap? Empirical Analysis based on CFPS Data

Summary: Since entering the 21st century,the rapid development of network technology has gradually changed the way people live and work,and has an important impact on the labor market,especially the female employment. According to the 39th CNNIC report,the number of internet users in China reached 731 million, the internet penetration rate was 53.2%,and the proportion of female users was 47.6% up to December,2016. With the gradual convergence of the gender structure in the net users and in the population,how does the inter-net impact on gender wages? Can the effect reduce the gender wage gap? This is the question to be answered in this paper. Although foreign studies have explored the relationship between the internet and the gender wage gap,few studies use Chinese data to analyze the impact of the internet on the gender wage gap. In addi-tion,due to the diversity of network applications,the impact of different internet applications on gender wages may also be different. Therefore,it is of practical significance to explore the influence of internet preferences on gender wages. The main contents of this paper are as follows:First,by using the data of Chinese family tracking survey (CFPS) in 2010,this paper analyzes the impacts of internet usage on gender wages,and discusses the hetero-geneity of the impacts. Second,based on the benchmark model,this paper analyzes the effects of different in-ternet time,internet locations and internet usage preferences on gender wages,and uses IV to test the endogen-eity. Thirdly,this paper analyzes the influence of internet usage on gender wages and the gender wage gap on different quantiles by RIF regression. The result shows that:First,internet usage can promote wage growth in different genders,and the effect varies with employment for different marital status,age and education. Second,the relationship between the internet usage time and hourly wages presents the "inverted U" shape curve,and using the internet at home or in the workplace has a greater impact on male wages,while using the internet in the workplace has a greater impact on female wages. Third,using the internet to send and receive messages,access to information can im-prove male wages,but the entertainment game will reduce male wages,and professional learning can improve female wages. Fourth,internet usage can reduce the gender wage gap between low income and middle-high in-come earners,but increase the gender wage gap among high-income earners. This paper suggests that to re-duce the gender wage gap,should not only strengthen the network infrastructure and expand education and training to increase female internet usage rates and usage skills,but also develop new economics and new em-ployment formats,and upgrade the industrial structure and reduce occupational gender segregation.