策略均衡与制度效率——关于明清晋商委托代理制度的博弈解析

文章从博弈论的视角探讨了晋商内部治理结构中委托代理关系得以实施的两大保障机制——道德自律和惩戒机制。文章认为道义文化、参与人之间的策略互动与商帮集团的集体主义惩戒机制相互补充和加强,才很好地保障了晋商委托代理制度的有效实施和良好运转。在当时的条件下,晋商委托代理制度不仅实现了参与人之间的策略均衡,而且也使内部的制度安排与外部的社会环境相协调,从而很好地满足了制度安排的效率要求。因此,在建设社会主义市场经济过程中,道德文化与制度法规建设应当并重,人们普遍认同的各种商业习惯和行业惯例也应该得到尊重。

Strategy Equilibrium and Institutional Efficiency:Analysis of Principal-agent Institution of Jin-merchants of the Ming and Qing Dynasties Based on Game Theory

From the angle of game theory,this paper probes into moral self-discipline and punishment mechanisms,which guarantee the implementation of principal-agent relations in internal governance structure of Jin-merchants.It believes that the complementary relationship among moral and righteous culture,strategy interaction among participants and merchant groups’ collectivism punishment mechanism guarantees the effective implementation and sound operation of principal-agent institution of Jin-merchants.Under the prevailing conditions then,principal-agent institution of Jin-merchants realizes not only the strategy equilibrium among participants,but also the coordination of internal institutional arrangements and external social environment,thereby meeting the efficiency requirement of institutional arrangements.Therefore,in the process of constructing socialist market economy,moral culture and institutional law and rules should be paid equal attention,and widely recognized business customs as well as commercial routines should be respected.