外国直接投资对中国技术创新的影响——基于地区层面的研究

文章利用1995~2004年省级层面的面板数据定量评估了外国直接投资对于中国技术创新的影响。文章认为:FDI的流入会对我国技术创新水平的提升产生促进作用,FDI对于我国外观设计专利申请量的正向影响程度最大,对实用新型专利申请量影响次之,对于发明专利申请量的影响程度最小,并且要使FDI对我国发明专利申请量的增加发挥促进作用还要跨越一定的“人力资本门槛”,而我国大部分西部地区和一部分中部地区并没有达到这个人力资本门槛;FDI对中国技术创新的影响也存在着明显的区域性特征,在东部和中部地区,FDI的进入有助于这两个地区技术创新水平的提升,并且FDI对于东部地区技术创新水平的促进作用要大于其对中部地区技术创新水平的促进作用,FDI的进入对西部地区技术创新水平的增加几乎没有什么影响;另外即使在外资溢出效应较为显著的东部地区,FDI对不同类型的专利申请之间也存在较大差异性,FDI对于以发明专利表征的技术创新水平的影响要远远小于其对实用新型和外观设计专利的影响。

The Effect of FDI on China's Technology Innovation: Analysis from Regional Aspect

This paper quantitatively estimate the effect of FDI on China's technology innovation using a large sample of panel data including 29 areas from 1995 to 2004.It is shown that FDI will benefit China's technology innovation.The effect is the most strong in external design,second in utility model,and least in invention.Further study reveal that FDI will benefit China's technology innovation(stands for with the number of invention application) if the "human capital threshold" is passed.Unfortunately,most of western China and some of middle China don't reach the threshold.Besides,the effect of FDI on China's technology innovation have remarkably regional characteristic: positive effect on the east and middle of China,almost none on western China,and this positive effect is more strong in eastern China than that in the middle of China.Finally,in the eastern China where spillover effect is more apparent, FDI will have different effects on three types of patent,the positive effect of FDI on minor innovation,such as external design,is more than that on invention patent.